andy
5a94c5ff1a
Affected files: STEM/AI/Kalman Filter.md STEM/Signal Proc/Convolution.md STEM/Signal Proc/Image/Tracking.md STEM/Signal Proc/Pole-Zero.md STEM/Signal Proc/Transfer Function.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Consonants.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Linguistics.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/README.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Terms.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Vowels.md STEM/Speech/NLP/Jargon.md STEM/Speech/NLP/NLP.md STEM/Speech/NLP/README.md STEM/Speech/NLP/Recognition.md STEM/Speech/Perception/Perception.md STEM/Speech/Perception/README.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Applications.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/README.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Source-Filter.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Vocal Tract.md STEM/img/english-phoneme-table.png STEM/img/formant.png STEM/img/pole-zero-attenuation.png STEM/img/pole-zero-feedback.png STEM/img/pole-zero-stable.png STEM/img/roc-right-left.png STEM/img/roc-two-sided.png STEM/img/spectrum-vocal-tract.png STEM/img/transfer-stable-unstable.png STEM/img/vowel-chart.png STEM/img/vowel-spaces.png
61 lines
1.0 KiB
Markdown
61 lines
1.0 KiB
Markdown
- Complete or partial closure of vocal tract
|
|
- Voiced/Unvoiced
|
|
|
|
# Nasal
|
|
- Mouth closed and velum lowered
|
|
- Vowel-like structure, weaker energy
|
|
- Sound through nose
|
|
- English has only voiced nasals
|
|
- Can be identified by direction of formant movement
|
|
- m, n, ng
|
|
- Locations
|
|
- Labial
|
|
- Lips
|
|
- m
|
|
- Alveolar
|
|
- Palatal ridge
|
|
- n
|
|
- Velar
|
|
- Soft palate
|
|
- ng
|
|
|
|
# Plosive
|
|
- Closure which is released
|
|
- Voiced or unvoiced
|
|
- Based on when voicing starts
|
|
- t, d
|
|
- Trill
|
|
- Tap or flap
|
|
- Locations
|
|
- Labial
|
|
- Lips
|
|
- p, b
|
|
- Alveolar
|
|
- Palatal ridge
|
|
- t, d
|
|
- Velar
|
|
- Soft palate
|
|
- k, g
|
|
|
|
# Fricative
|
|
- Air forced through constriction
|
|
- Jet of turbulence
|
|
- Noisy
|
|
- Voiced
|
|
- v, z
|
|
- Unvoiced
|
|
- f, s
|
|
- Frequency cut-off
|
|
- Inversely proportional to length of cavity in front of constriction
|
|
- Sibilants
|
|
- Air forced over teeth
|
|
- s, z
|
|
- Affricate
|
|
- Abrupt start to frication
|
|
- Ch, J
|
|
|
|
# Approximant
|
|
- Articulators move close, some perturbations
|
|
- Vowel-like structure, weaker energy
|
|
- Upward trajectory of formants
|
|
- r, y, l , w |