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stem/Speech/Linguistics/Consonants.md
andy 5a94c5ff1a vault backup: 2023-06-06 17:01:49 
Affected files:
STEM/AI/Kalman Filter.md
STEM/Signal Proc/Convolution.md
STEM/Signal Proc/Image/Tracking.md
STEM/Signal Proc/Pole-Zero.md
STEM/Signal Proc/Transfer Function.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Consonants.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Linguistics.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/README.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Terms.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Vowels.md
STEM/Speech/NLP/Jargon.md
STEM/Speech/NLP/NLP.md
STEM/Speech/NLP/README.md
STEM/Speech/NLP/Recognition.md
STEM/Speech/Perception/Perception.md
STEM/Speech/Perception/README.md
STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Applications.md
STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/README.md
STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Source-Filter.md
STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Vocal Tract.md
STEM/img/english-phoneme-table.png
STEM/img/formant.png
STEM/img/pole-zero-attenuation.png
STEM/img/pole-zero-feedback.png
STEM/img/pole-zero-stable.png
STEM/img/roc-right-left.png
STEM/img/roc-two-sided.png
STEM/img/spectrum-vocal-tract.png
STEM/img/transfer-stable-unstable.png
STEM/img/vowel-chart.png
STEM/img/vowel-spaces.png
2023-06-06 17:01:49 +01:00

1.0 KiB
Raw Blame History

  • Complete or partial closure of vocal tract
  • Voiced/Unvoiced

Nasal

  • Mouth closed and velum lowered
  • Vowel-like structure, weaker energy
  • Sound through nose
  • English has only voiced nasals
  • Can be identified by direction of formant movement
  • m, n, ng
  • Locations
    • Labial
      • Lips
      • m
    • Alveolar
      • Palatal ridge
      • n
    • Velar
      • Soft palate
      • ng

Plosive

  • Closure which is released
  • Voiced or unvoiced
    • Based on when voicing starts
    • t, d
  • Trill
  • Tap or flap
  • Locations
    • Labial
      • Lips
      • p, b
    • Alveolar
      • Palatal ridge
      • t, d
    • Velar
      • Soft palate
      • k, g

Fricative

  • Air forced through constriction
  • Jet of turbulence
  • Noisy
  • Voiced
    • v, z
  • Unvoiced
    • f, s
  • Frequency cut-off
    • Inversely proportional to length of cavity in front of constriction
  • Sibilants
    • Air forced over teeth
    • s, z
  • Affricate
    • Abrupt start to frication
    • Ch, J

Approximant

  • Articulators move close, some perturbations
  • Vowel-like structure, weaker energy
  • Upward trajectory of formants
  • r, y, l , w