vault backup: 2023-12-22 16:39:03

Affected files:
.obsidian/community-plugins.json
.obsidian/graph.json
.obsidian/plugins/calendar/data.json
.obsidian/plugins/calendar/main.js
.obsidian/plugins/calendar/manifest.json
.obsidian/plugins/dataview/main.js
.obsidian/plugins/dataview/manifest.json
.obsidian/plugins/dataview/styles.css
.obsidian/workspace.json
Events/Cardiff.md
Events/November 27th Week.md
Events/🪣🪣🪣.md
Food/From Aldi.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-06-18.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-06-24.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-07-30.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-08-06.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-08-13.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-08-20.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-08-27.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-09-03.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-09-10.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-09-17.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-09-25.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-10-02.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-10-14.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-10-22.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-10-30.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-11-05.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-11-14.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-11-20.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-12-03.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-12-11.md
Food/Meal Plans/Meals - 2023-12-16.md
Food/Meals.md
Food/Sauces.md
Lab/DNS.md
Lab/Deleted Packages.md
Lab/Domains.md
Lab/Ebook Laundering.md
Lab/Home.md
Lab/Linux/Alpine.md
Lab/Linux/KDE.md
Lab/Photo Migration.md
Lab/VPN Servers.md
Languages/Arabic.md
Languages/Spanish/Spanish.md
Languages/Spanish/Tenses.md
Languages/Spanish/Verbs.md
Money/Me/Accounts.md
Money/Me/Car.md
Money/Me/Home.md
Money/Me/Income.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-04.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-05.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-06.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-07.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-08.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-09.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-10.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-11.md
Money/Me/Monthly/23-12.md
Money/Me/Subs.md
STEM/AI/Classification/Classification.md
STEM/AI/Classification/Decision Trees.md
STEM/AI/Classification/Gradient Boosting Machine.md
STEM/AI/Classification/Logistic Regression.md
STEM/AI/Classification/Random Forest.md
STEM/AI/Classification/Supervised/SVM.md
STEM/AI/Classification/Supervised/Supervised.md
STEM/AI/Ethics.md
STEM/AI/Kalman Filter.md
STEM/AI/Learning.md
STEM/AI/Literature.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Activation Functions.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Architectures.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/CNN.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/Convolutional Layer.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/Examples.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/FCN/FCN.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/FCN/FlowNet.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/FCN/Highway Networks.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/FCN/ResNet.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/FCN/Skip Connections.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/FCN/Super-Resolution.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/GAN/CycleGAN.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/GAN/DC-GAN.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/GAN/GAN.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/GAN/StackGAN.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/GAN/cGAN.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/Inception Layer.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/Interpretation.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/Max Pooling.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/Normalisation.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CNN/UpConv.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CV/Data Manipulations.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CV/Datasets.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CV/Filters.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CV/Layer Structure.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/CV/Visual Search/Visual Search.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Deep Learning.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Boltzmann.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Competitive Learning.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Credit-Assignment Problem.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Hebbian.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Learning.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Tasks.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/MLP/Back-Propagation.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/MLP/Decision Boundary.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/MLP/MLP.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Neural Networks.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Properties+Capabilities.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/Autoencoder.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/Deep Image Prior.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/LSTM.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/MoCo.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/RNN.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/Representation Learning.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/SimCLR.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/VQA.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/SLP/Least Mean Square.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/SLP/Perceptron Convergence.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/SLP/SLP.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Training.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Transformers/Attention.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Transformers/LLM.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Transformers/Transformers.md
STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Weight Init.md
STEM/AI/Pattern Matching/Dynamic Time Warping.md
STEM/AI/Pattern Matching/Markov/Markov.md
STEM/AI/Pattern Matching/Pattern Matching.md
STEM/AI/Problem Solving.md
STEM/AI/Properties.md
STEM/AI/Searching/Informed.md
STEM/AI/Searching/Searching.md
STEM/AI/Searching/Uninformed.md
STEM/CS/ABI.md
STEM/CS/Calling Conventions.md
STEM/CS/ISA.md
STEM/CS/Languages/Assembly.md
STEM/CS/Languages/Javascript.md
STEM/CS/Languages/Python.md
STEM/CS/Languages/Rust.md
STEM/CS/Quantum.md
STEM/CS/Resources.md
STEM/IOT/Networking/Networking.md
STEM/Light.md
STEM/Quantum/Confinement.md
STEM/Quantum/Orbitals.md
STEM/Quantum/Schrödinger.md
STEM/Quantum/Standard Model.md
STEM/Quantum/Wave Function.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Consonants.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Language Structure.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Linguistics.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Terms.md
STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Vowels.md
STEM/Speech/Literature.md
STEM/Speech/NLP/NLP.md
STEM/Speech/NLP/Recognition.md
STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Applications.md
Work/Possible Tasks.md
Work/Tech.md
This commit is contained in:
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parent 3fc7fa863e
commit abbd7bba68
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---
tags:
- ai
---
*Given an observation, determine one class from a set of classes that best explains the observation*
***Features are discrete or continuous***

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Flowchart like design
- Iterative decision making

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Higher level take
- Iteratively train more models addressing weak points
- Well paired with decision trees

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---
tags:
- ai
---
“hello world”
Related to naïve bayes

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---
tags:
---
“Almost always the second best algorithm for any shallow ML task”

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---
tags:
- ai
---
[Towards Data Science: SVM](https://towardsdatascience.com/support-vector-machines-svm-c9ef22815589)
[Towards Data Science: SVM an overview](https://towardsdatascience.com/https-medium-com-pupalerushikesh-svm-f4b42800e989)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Gaussian Classifier
- With $T$ labelled data

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Fair
- Democracy
- Board-level

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Measure
- Predict
- Update

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Supervised
- Dataset with inputs manually annotated for desired output
- Desired output = supervisory signal

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#lit
---
tags:
- lit
- ai
---
[https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/A.pdf](https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/A.pdf)
[Towards Data Science: 3 Things You Need To Know Before You Train-Test Split](https://towardsdatascience.com/3-things-you-need-to-know-before-you-train-test-split-869dfabb7e50)
[train-final-machine-learning-model](https://machinelearningmastery.com/train-final-machine-learning-model/)

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---
tags:
---
- Limits output values
- Squashing function

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Single-Layer Feedforward
- *Acyclic*
- Count output layer, no computation at input

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---
tags:
- ai
---
## Before 2010s
- Data hungry
- Need lots of training data

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---
tags:
- ai
---
## Design Parameters
- Size of input image

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# LeNet
- 1990's
![lenet-1989](../../../img/lenet-1989.png)

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
Fully [Convolution](../../../../Signal%20Proc/Convolution.md)al Network
[Convolutional](../Convolutional%20Layer.md) and [up-convolutional layers](../UpConv.md) with [ReLu](../../Activation%20Functions.md#ReLu) but no others (pooling)

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
Optical Flow
- 2-Channel optical flow

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- [Skip Connections](Skip%20Connections.md) across individual layers
- Conditionally
- Soft gates

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Residual networks
- 152 layers
- Skips every two layers

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Output of [conv](../Convolutional%20Layer.md), c, layers are added to inputs of [UpConv](../UpConv.md), d, layers
- Element-wise, not channel appending
- Propagate high frequency information to later layers

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
- Auto-encoders
- Get same image back
- Up-sample blurry small image classically

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
Cycle Consistent [GAN](GAN.md)
- G

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
Deep [Convolutional](../../../../Signal%20Proc/Convolution.md) [GAN](GAN.md)
![dc-gan](../../../../img/dc-gan.png)

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
# Fully [Convolution](../../../../Signal%20Proc/Convolution.md)al
- Remove [Max Pooling](../Max%20Pooling.md)
- Use strided [UpConv](../UpConv.md)

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
- Feed output from synthesis into up-res network
- Generate standard low-res image
- Feed into [cGAN](cGAN.md)

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
Conditional [GAN](GAN.md)
- Hard to control with [AM](../Interpretation.md#Activation%20Maximisation)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Similar to band-pass pyramid
- Changes fixed scale window sizes
- Couple of different scales

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
# Activation Maximisation
- Synthesise an ideal image for a class
- Maximise 1-hot output

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Maximum within window and writes result to output
- Downsamples image
- More non-linearity

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- To keep sensible layer by layer
- Apply kernel to same location of all channels
- Pixels in window divided by sum of pixel within volume across channels

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Fractionally strided convolution
- Transposed [Convolution](../../../Signal%20Proc/Convolution.md)
- Like a deep interpolation

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
# Augmentation
- Mimic larger datasets
- Help with over-fitting

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
# MNIST
- 70,000 hand-drawn characters from US mail
- 28x28 images

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
# Gabor
![gabor](../../../img/gabor.png)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
![cnn-cv-layer-arch](../../../img/cnn-cv-layer-arch.png)

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
- Shallow would be BOVW
- Use metric space over feature space
- Get ranked list

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---
tags:
- ai
---
![deep-digit-classification](../../img/deep-digit-classification.png)
OCR [Classification](../Classification/Classification.md)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Stochastic
- Recurrent structure
- Binary operation (+/- 1)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Only single output neuron fires
1. Set of homogeneous neurons with some randomly distributed synaptic weights

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Assigning credit/blame for outcomes to each internal decision
- Loading Problem
- Loading a training set into the free parameters

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---
tags:
- ai
---
*Time-dependent, highly local, strongly interactive*
- Oldest learning algorithm

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---
tags:
- ai
---
*Learning is a process by which the free parameters of a neural network are adapted through a process of stimulation by the environment in which the network is embedded. The type of learning is determined by the manner in which the parameter changes take place*
1. The neural network is **stimulated** by an environment

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Pattern Association
- Associative memory
- Learns by association

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---
tags:
- ai
---
Error signal graph
![mlp-arch-graph](../../../img/mlp-arch-graph.png)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
![hidden-neuron-decision](../../../img/hidden-neuron-decision.png)
![mlp-xor](../../../img/mlp-xor.png)
![mlp-xor-2](../../../img/mlp-xor-2.png)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- [Feedforward](../Architectures.md)
- Single hidden layer can learn any function
- Universal approximation theorem

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Massively parallel, distributed processor
- Natural propensity for storing experiential knowledge

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Linearity
- Neurons can be linear or non-linear
- Network of non-linear neurons is non-linear

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
- Sequence of strokes for sketching
- LSTM backbone

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
- Overfitted to image
- Learn weights necessary to reconstruct from white noise
- Trained from scratch on single image

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---
tags:
- ai
---
Long Short Term Memory
- More general form of [RNN](RNN.md)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Similar to SimCLR
- Rich set of negatives
- Sampled from previous epochs in queue

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---
tags:
- ai
---
Recurrent Neural Network
- Hard to train on long sequences

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
# [Un-Supervised](../../Learning.md#Un-Supervised)
- Auto-encoder FCN

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
1. Data augmentation
- Crop patches from images in batch
- Add colour jitter

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---
tags:
- ai
- media
---
Visual Question Answering
- Combine visual with text sequence

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- To handle overlapping classes
- Linearity condition remains
- Linear boundary

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---
tags:
- ai
---
Error-Correcting Perceptron Learning
- Uses a McCulloch-Pitt neuron

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---
tags:
- ai
---
![slp-arch](../../../img/slp-arch.png)
$$v(n)=\sum_{i=0}^{m}w_i(n)x_i(n)$$
$$=w^T(n)x(n)$$

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Modes
## Sequential
- Apply changes after each train pattern

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Meant to mimic cognitive attention
- Picks out relevant bits of information
- Use gradient descent

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Properties
## Pre-training Datasets

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- [Self-attention](Attention.md)
- Weighting significance of parts of the input
- Including recursive output

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---
tags:
- ai
---
- Randomly
- Gaussian noise with mean = 0
- Small network

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---
tags:
- ai
---
***Deterministic
Pattern Recogniser***
Allows timescale variations in sequences for same class

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---
tags:
- ai
---
[Hidden Markov Models - JWMI Github](https://jwmi.github.io/ASM/5-HMMs.pdf)
[Rabiner - A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition](https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~cga/behavior/rabiner1.pdf)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
Structured sequence of observations
- [Dynamic Time Warping](Dynamic%20Time%20Warping.md)

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Problem Types
- Toy/game problems
- Illustrative

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Three Key Components
1. Representation

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Best First
- Uniform cost uses an evaluation function

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# [Uninformed](Uninformed.md)
- Breadth First
- Uniform Cost

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---
tags:
- ai
---
# Breadth First
- Uniform cost with cost function proportional to depth
- All of each layer

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---
tags:
- low-level
---
- How data structures & computational routines are accessed in machine code ([Code Types](Code%20Types.md))
- Machine code therefore hardware-dependent
- API defines this structure in source code

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---
tags:
- low-level
---
- The order in which atomic (scalar) parameters, or individual parts of a complex parameter, are allocated
- How parameters are passed
- Pushed on the stack, placed in registers, or a mix of both

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---
tags:
- low-level
---
Instruction Set Architecture
___Not Microarchitecture___

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---
tags:
- low-level
---
[Uni of Virginia - x86 Assembly Guide](https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs216/guides/x86.html)
## x86 32-bit

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---
tags:
- web
---
[https://www.learnui.design/blog/spice-up-designs.html](https://www.learnui.design/blog/spice-up-designs.html)
# Modules

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[poetry cheat sheet](https://gist.github.com/CarlosDomingues/b88df15749af23a463148bd2c2b9b3fb)
## Twisted
## Twisted #net
Network engine
numpy scipy jupyterlab matplotlib pandas scikit-learn
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## Plotly
Publication-quality Graphs
[NLTK](https://www.nltk.org)
[NLTK](https://www.nltk.org) #ai
[NLP](../../Speech/NLP/NLP.md)
If you are not getting good results, you should first check that you are using the right [classification](../../AI/Classification/Classification.md) algorithm (is your data well fit to be classified by a linear SVM?) and that you have enough training data. Practically, that means you might consider visualizing your dataset through PCA or t-SNE to see how "clustered" your classes are, and checking how your classification metrics evolve with the amount of data your classifier is given.

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## Web
---
tags:
- low-level
---
## #web
#### Backend
- Actix-web

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#lit
---
tags:
- lit
- quantum
---
[5 books](https://fivebooks.com/best-books/quantum-computing-chris-bernhardt/)

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#lit
---
tags:
- lit
---
[Wigle - wifi enumerating](http://wigle.net)
[0xAX/linux-insides book](https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides)

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#net
---
tags:
- net
---
![](../../img/iot-network-types.png)
# Gateway

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tags:
- quantum
---
$$E=hf$$
## Photoelectric Effect

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tags:
- quantum
---
$$E_{ne}=\frac{\hbar^2}{2m_e^*} \frac{\pi^2}{L^2} n^2$$
![quantum-confinement](../img/quantum-confinement.png)
![confinement-band-gaps](../img/confinement-band-gaps.png)

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tags:
- quantum
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[Wave Function](Wave%20Function.md)
## Quantum Numbers

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- quantum
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$$-\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2\psi+V\psi=E\psi$$
- Time Independent
- $\psi$ is the [Wave Function](Wave%20Function.md)

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---
tags:
- quantum
---
![model-table](../img/model-table.png)
- 4 fundamental forces
- Bosons

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tags:
- quantum
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$$\psi(r,\theta,\phi)=R(r)\cdot Y_{ml}(\theta, \phi)$$
Wave functions are products of
Radial Function

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---
tags:
- linguistics
---
- Complete or partial closure of vocal tract
- Voiced/Unvoiced

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---
tags:
- linguistics
---
- Sentence
- **Syntax**
- Words

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---
tags:
- linguistics
---
- Phonetics
- Sound of language
- Acoustic result of speech articulation

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tags:
- linguistics
---
# Phoneme
- Smallest unit of speech
- Distinguish words

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tags:
- linguistics
---
ALL VOICED
[Wikipedia - Vowel Sounds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel#Audio_samples)

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#lit
---
tags:
- lit
---
Daniel Jurafsky
James H. Martin

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tags:
- ai
---
# Text Normalisation
- Tokenisation
- Labelling parts of sentence

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tags:
- ai
---
1. Automatic Speech Recognition
- Spoken words to machine-readable form
2. Natural language understanding

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---
tags:
- media
---
- Speech telecommunications & Encoding
- Preserving perceptibility and quality over the wire
- Minimising bandwidth