stem/Quantum/Orbitals.md
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[Wave Function](Wave%20Function.md)
## Quantum Numbers
$$n$$
Principal quantum number
- 1, 2, 3...
- ***Electron shell***, electron energy and size of orbital
$$l$$
Orbital Angualar Momentum Number
- $0-(n-1)$
- ***Shape*** of the orbital
- 0 = s
- 1 = p
- 2 = d
$$m$$
Z-component / Magentic of $l$
- $-l$ to $+l$
- ***Orientation*** of orbital
![wave-function-polar-segment](../img/wave-function-polar-segment.png)
## Filling
1. Aufbau
- Start lowest in energy
2. Pauli's Exclusion
- Max two electrons per orbital
- No two electrons can have same n, l, m, s tuple
3. Hund's Rule of Maximum Multiplicity
- Orbitals with same energy filled one at a time
- Degenerate
![orbitals-radius](../img/orbitals-radius.png)
![wave-function-nodes](../img/wave-function-nodes.png)
## Radial
![radial-equations](../img/radial-equations.png)
- Z = Atomic number
- Bohr radius
- $a_0=\frac \hbar {\alpha mc}$
- Normalisation
- $\int_0^\infty r^2R_{nl}^*R_{nl}dr=1$
![radius-electron-density-wf](../img/radius-electron-density-wf.png)