andy
5a94c5ff1a
Affected files: STEM/AI/Kalman Filter.md STEM/Signal Proc/Convolution.md STEM/Signal Proc/Image/Tracking.md STEM/Signal Proc/Pole-Zero.md STEM/Signal Proc/Transfer Function.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Consonants.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Linguistics.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/README.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Terms.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Vowels.md STEM/Speech/NLP/Jargon.md STEM/Speech/NLP/NLP.md STEM/Speech/NLP/README.md STEM/Speech/NLP/Recognition.md STEM/Speech/Perception/Perception.md STEM/Speech/Perception/README.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Applications.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/README.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Source-Filter.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Vocal Tract.md STEM/img/english-phoneme-table.png STEM/img/formant.png STEM/img/pole-zero-attenuation.png STEM/img/pole-zero-feedback.png STEM/img/pole-zero-stable.png STEM/img/roc-right-left.png STEM/img/roc-two-sided.png STEM/img/spectrum-vocal-tract.png STEM/img/transfer-stable-unstable.png STEM/img/vowel-chart.png STEM/img/vowel-spaces.png
742 B
742 B
Phoneme
- Smallest unit of speech
- Distinguish words
- Continuous speech is stream of different phonemes
- English has 44
- Consonants
- Voiced or unvoiced
- Vowels
- All voiced
Voiced
- Quasi-periodic vibration of vocal cords
- Sound transmitted along vocal tract unimpeded
- Air forced through glottis
- Quasi-periodic oscillation
Unvoiced
- Air flow through vocal apparatus is either cut-off or impeded
- Constriction using tongue or lips
- Turbulence or noise
- Fricatives
- \s\, \f\
- Plosives
- \p\, \t\
- Fricatives
- Modelled as random noise
Formant
- Vocal tract can be modelled as resonant system
- Modes or peaks in spectral response of resonant system
- Lowest 3 most important in speech
