andy
5a94c5ff1a
Affected files: STEM/AI/Kalman Filter.md STEM/Signal Proc/Convolution.md STEM/Signal Proc/Image/Tracking.md STEM/Signal Proc/Pole-Zero.md STEM/Signal Proc/Transfer Function.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Consonants.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Linguistics.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/README.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Terms.md STEM/Speech/Linguistics/Vowels.md STEM/Speech/NLP/Jargon.md STEM/Speech/NLP/NLP.md STEM/Speech/NLP/README.md STEM/Speech/NLP/Recognition.md STEM/Speech/Perception/Perception.md STEM/Speech/Perception/README.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Applications.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/README.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Source-Filter.md STEM/Speech/Speech Processing/Vocal Tract.md STEM/img/english-phoneme-table.png STEM/img/formant.png STEM/img/pole-zero-attenuation.png STEM/img/pole-zero-feedback.png STEM/img/pole-zero-stable.png STEM/img/roc-right-left.png STEM/img/roc-two-sided.png STEM/img/spectrum-vocal-tract.png STEM/img/transfer-stable-unstable.png STEM/img/vowel-chart.png STEM/img/vowel-spaces.png
31 lines
742 B
Markdown
31 lines
742 B
Markdown
# Phoneme
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- Smallest unit of speech
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- Distinguish words
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- Continuous speech is stream of different phonemes
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- English has 44
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- Consonants
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- Voiced or unvoiced
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- Vowels
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- All voiced
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# Voiced
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- Quasi-periodic vibration of vocal cords
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- Sound transmitted along vocal tract unimpeded
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- Air forced through glottis
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- Quasi-periodic oscillation
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# Unvoiced
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- Air flow through vocal apparatus is either cut-off or impeded
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- Constriction using tongue or lips
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- Turbulence or noise
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- Fricatives
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- \\s\\, \\f\
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- Plosives
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- \\p\\, \\t\
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- Modelled as random noise
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# Formant
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- Vocal tract can be modelled as resonant system
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- Modes or peaks in spectral response of resonant system
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- Lowest 3 most important in speech
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