stem/IOT/Networking/Networking.md
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Markdown

#net
![](../../img/iot-network-types.png)
# Gateway
- Connects IoT devices to internet
- Operator deployed
- LTE etc
- Self-deployed
- Wi-Fi
## Roles
- Machine-to-machine connections
- Cheaper telecoms cost
- Cheaper hardware
- Not everything has to be LTE connected
- Simpler config
- Translate protocols between IoT and internet
- Processing data
- Encrypting, filtering, consolidating
- Boundary between networks
- Security
![](../../img/iot-network-radar.png)
# Network Module
- 802.15.4 only a channel
- End-to-end provided by network module
- Multi-hop wireless network
- Wireless sensor networks (WSN)
- Wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANET)
- Wireless mesh network (WMN)
- Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET)
## Roles
- Management
- Packet
- Adapting size and format
- Address
- Adapting and/or resolving addresses
- Device
- Joining/leaving of nodes
- Service
- Add-ons such as security
- Operational
- Route discovery & maintenance
- Packet forwarding
# Performance
- Power consumption
- Limited supply
- Significant power in communications
- Network Lifetime
- Duration of proper operation
- Before no longer provides services
- When a node fails
- Design-time
- Design deployment that will last
- Run-time
- Dynamic operation to conserve energy usage
- All layers
- App
- Consolidating data
- Adaptive frequency for data grouping
- Network
- Avoid aggressive topology maintenance
- MAC
- Duty-cycle MAC to keep radio asleep
- Physical
- Power level control
## Issues
- Bottleneck
- One node relaying lots of data
- Bad placement of gateway
![](../../img/iot-network-types%201.png)
![](../../img/iot-mesh-network.png)
- Low power devices
- Multi-hop