stem/AI/Learning.md

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vault backup: 2023-06-07 09:02:27 Affected files: STEM/AI/Classification/Classification.md STEM/AI/Classification/Decision Trees.md STEM/AI/Classification/Gradient Boosting Machine.md STEM/AI/Classification/Logistic Regression.md STEM/AI/Classification/Random Forest.md STEM/AI/Classification/Supervised.md STEM/AI/Classification/Supervised/README.md STEM/AI/Classification/Supervised/SVM.md STEM/AI/Classification/Supervised/Supervised.md STEM/AI/Learning.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Boltzmann.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Competitive Learning.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Credit-Assignment Problem.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Hebbian.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/Learning.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/Learning/README.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/Autoencoder.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/Deep Image Prior.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/MoCo.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/Representation Learning.md STEM/AI/Neural Networks/RNN/SimCLR.md STEM/img/comp-learning.png STEM/img/competitive-geometric.png STEM/img/confusion-matrix.png STEM/img/decision-tree.png STEM/img/deep-image-prior-arch.png STEM/img/deep-image-prior-results.png STEM/img/hebb-learning.png STEM/img/moco.png STEM/img/receiver-operator-curve.png STEM/img/reinforcement-learning.png STEM/img/rnn+autoencoder-variational.png STEM/img/rnn+autoencoder.png STEM/img/simclr.png STEM/img/sup-representation-learning.png STEM/img/svm-c.png STEM/img/svm-non-linear-project.png STEM/img/svm-non-linear-separated.png STEM/img/svm-non-linear.png STEM/img/svm-optimal-plane.png STEM/img/svm.png STEM/img/unsup-representation-learning.png
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# Supervised
- Dataset with inputs manually annotated for desired output
- Desired output = supervisory signal
- Manually annotated = ground truth
- Annotated correct categories
## Split data
- Training set
- Test set
***Don't test on training data***
## Top-K Accuracy
- Whether correct answer appears in the top-k results
## Confusion Matrix
Samples described by ***feature vector***
Dataset forms a matrix
![](../img/confusion-matrix.png)
# Un-Supervised
- No example outputs given, learns how to categorise
- No teacher or critic
## Harder
- Must identify relevant distinguishing features
- Must decide on number of categories
# Reinforcement Learning
- No teacher - critic instead
- Continued interaction with the environment
- Minimise a scalar performance index
![](../img/reinforcement-learning.png)
- Critic
- Converts primary reinforcement to heuristic reinforcement
- Both scalar inputs
- Delayed reinforcement
- System observes temporal sequence of stimuli
- Results in generation of heuristic reinforcement signal
- Minimise cost-to-go function
- Expectation of cumulative cost of actions taken over sequence of steps
- Instead of just immediate cost
- Earlier actions may have been good
- Identify and feedback to environment
- Closely related to dynamic programming
## Difficulties
- No teacher to provide desired response
- Must solve temporal credit assignment problem
- Need to know which actions were the good ones
# Fitting
- Over-fitting
- Classifier too specific to training set
- Can't adequately generalise
- Under-fitting
- Too general, not inferred enough detail
- Learns non-discriminative or non-desired pattern
# ROC
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve
![](../img/receiver-operator-curve.png)