- Assigning credit/blame for outcomes to each internal decision
- Loading Problem
	- Loading a training set into the free parameters
- Important to any learning machine attempting to improve performance in situations involving temporally extended behaviour

Two Sub-problems:
- ***Temporal*** credit-assignment problem
	- Assigning credit for **outcomes** to **actions**
	- Involves time when actions that deserve credit were taken
	- Relevant when many actions taken and want to know which one was responsible
- ***Structural*** credit-assignment problem
	- Assigning credit for **actions** to **internal decisions**
	- Involves internal structures of actions generated by system
	- Relevant for identifying which component should have behaviour altered
		- By how much

- Important in MLPs when there are many hidden neurons