-   Binding is an API that provides glue code
	-   Allows language to use a foreign library or OS

## Runtime Environments

### Object Models
-   COM
	-   Component Object Model
	-   MS only cross-language model
-   CLI
	-   .NET Common Language Infrastructure
-   Freedesktop.org D-Bus
	-   Open cross-platform-language model

### Virtual Machines
-   CLR
	-   .NET Common Language Runtime
-   Mono
	-   CLI languages
	-   Cross-platform
-   Adobe Flash Player
	-   Tamarin
-   JVM
-   LLVM
-   Silverlight