106 lines
2.0 KiB
Markdown
106 lines
2.0 KiB
Markdown
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Instruction Set Architecture
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___Not Microarchitecture___
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- Physical implementation of ISA
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- Abstract model of a computer
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- CPU is an implementation
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- Defines
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- Data types
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- Registers
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- Hardware support for main memory
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- Features
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- Memory consistency
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- Addressing modes
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- Virtual memory
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- Specifies behaviour of machine code
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- Binary compatibility
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- Allows many implementations
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# Complexity
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## Complex
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- CISC
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- Complex instruction set computer
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## Reduced
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- RISC
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- Reduced instruction set computer
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- Simplifies processor
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- Implementing only frequent instructions
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- Less frequent as subroutines
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- Typically requires less transistors than CISC
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- Improves
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- Cost
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- Power consumption
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- Heat dissipation
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## Very Long Instruction Word
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VLIW
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## Long Instruction Word
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LIW
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## Explicitly Parallel instruction Computing
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EPIC
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# ARM
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Acorn RISC Machine
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Advanced RISC Machines
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- RISC architectures
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- System-on-Chips, System-on-Modules
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- SOC, SOM
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- iPhones A Series
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- 32-bit Profiles
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- A
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- Application
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- Cortex-A
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- R
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- Real-time
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- Cortex-R
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- M
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- Micro-controller
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- Cortex-M
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# Instructions
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- Params
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- Registers
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- Functions
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- Arithmetic
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- Addressing
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- Control
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- Memory locations
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- With offsets
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- Addressing modes
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- Interpret operands
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- Types
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- Data handling and memory
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- Set register
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- Copy data from memory to register or reverse
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- Load and store operations
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- Read and write from hardware
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- Arithmetic and logic
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- +, -, x, ÷
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- Bitwise
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- Compare
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- Floating point instructions
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- Control flow
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- Branch
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- Another location in program to execute
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- Conditionally branch
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- Indirectly branch
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- Branch with argument memory address
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- Call
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- Save the location to return to
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- Coprocessor
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- Load/store to and from coprocessor
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- Perform coops
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- Complex
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- Multiple things at once
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- Move multiple values between stack and memory
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- Move large blocks of memory
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- Complicated integer and floating point maths
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- Square root, log, sin, cos
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- ALU operations from memory not register
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