61 lines
1.0 KiB
Markdown
61 lines
1.0 KiB
Markdown
|
- Complete or partial closure of vocal tract
|
||
|
|
- Voiced/Unvoiced
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Nasal
|
||
|
|
- Mouth closed and velum lowered
|
||
|
|
- Vowel-like structure, weaker energy
|
||
|
|
- Sound through nose
|
||
|
|
- English has only voiced nasals
|
||
|
|
- Can be identified by direction of formant movement
|
||
|
|
- m, n, ng
|
||
|
|
- Locations
|
||
|
|
- Labial
|
||
|
|
- Lips
|
||
|
|
- m
|
||
|
|
- Alveolar
|
||
|
|
- Palatal ridge
|
||
|
|
- n
|
||
|
|
- Velar
|
||
|
|
- Soft palate
|
||
|
|
- ng
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Plosive
|
||
|
|
- Closure which is released
|
||
|
|
- Voiced or unvoiced
|
||
|
|
- Based on when voicing starts
|
||
|
|
- t, d
|
||
|
|
- Trill
|
||
|
|
- Tap or flap
|
||
|
|
- Locations
|
||
|
|
- Labial
|
||
|
|
- Lips
|
||
|
|
- p, b
|
||
|
|
- Alveolar
|
||
|
|
- Palatal ridge
|
||
|
|
- t, d
|
||
|
|
- Velar
|
||
|
|
- Soft palate
|
||
|
|
- k, g
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Fricative
|
||
|
|
- Air forced through constriction
|
||
|
|
- Jet of turbulence
|
||
|
|
- Noisy
|
||
|
|
- Voiced
|
||
|
|
- v, z
|
||
|
|
- Unvoiced
|
||
|
|
- f, s
|
||
|
|
- Frequency cut-off
|
||
|
|
- Inversely proportional to length of cavity in front of constriction
|
||
|
|
- Sibilants
|
||
|
|
- Air forced over teeth
|
||
|
|
- s, z
|
||
|
|
- Affricate
|
||
|
|
- Abrupt start to frication
|
||
|
|
- Ch, J
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Approximant
|
||
|
|
- Articulators move close, some perturbations
|
||
|
|
- Vowel-like structure, weaker energy
|
||
|
|
- Upward trajectory of formants
|
||
|
|
- r, y, l , w
|