- Binding is an API that provides glue code
- Allows language to use a foreign library or OS
## Runtime Environments
### Object Models
- COM
- [[C++]]
- Component Object Model
- MS only cross-language model
- CLI
- [[dotNet]]
- .NET Common Language Infrastructure
- Freedesktop.org D-Bus
- Open cross-platform-language model
### Virtual Machines
- CLR
- .NET Common Language Runtime
- Mono
- CLI languages
- Cross-platform
- Adobe Flash Player
- Tamarin
- JVM
- [[Compilers#LLVM|LLVM]]
- Silverlight