stem/Speech/Speech Processing/Vocal Tract.md

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---
tags:
- speech
---
- Input and output signals are real
- Filter coefficients are real for rational $H(z)$
- Poles/zeros either real or complex conjugate pairs
- BIBO stability important
# Frequency Response
- Sample along unit circle
- $|z|=\left|e^{i\omega}\right|=1$
# Magnitude Response
$$\left|H(e^{i\omega})\right|=\frac{b_0|e^{i\omega}-\beta_1|\cdot\cdot\cdot|e^{i\omega}-\beta_q|}{|e^{i\omega}-\alpha_1|\cdot\cdot\cdot|e^{i\omega}-\alpha_p|}$$
![](../../img/spectrum-vocal-tract.png)
- LPC & Cepstral Analysis to separate
- Residual allows more accurate estimation of pitch period