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aj 2019-11-19 14:34:41 +00:00
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coursework.lyx
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@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ f=\frac{c}{\lambda}
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Therefore in order to find the
Therefore in order to find the energy,
\begin_inset Formula $E$
\end_inset
in terms of wavelength
, in terms of wavelength
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ This energy value will be the same as the total interband transition for
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
E_{g,transition}=E_{1h}+E_{g}+E_{1e}\thickapprox0.800\unit{eV}\label{eq:Energy-Gap-Sum}
E_{g,transition}=E_{1h}+E_{g,bulk}+E_{1e}\thickapprox0.800\unit{eV}\label{eq:Energy-Gap-Sum}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
@ -522,8 +522,8 @@ Applying this to the prospective well material gives the following,
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
This shows that to 4 significant figures the composition of InGaAs is lattice
matched to InP to within 0.001Å which is sufficient for this application.
This shows that this combination of InGaAs is lattice matched to InP to
within 0.001Å, a sufficient offset for this application.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ Having found two materials that are lattice matched with a suitable band
\emph on
\begin_inset Formula
\begin{equation}
E_{n}=\frac{n^{2}\pi^{2}\mathcal{\text{\emph{ħ}}}^{2}}{2mL^{2}}\label{eq:Energy-levels}
E_{n}=\frac{n^{2}\pi^{2}\mathcal{\text{ħ}}^{2}}{2mL^{2}}\label{eq:Energy-levels}
\end{equation}
\end_inset
@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ noprefix "false"
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula
\[
E_{g,transition}=0.8\unit{eV}=E_{1h}+E_{g,InGaAs}+E_{1e}=\frac{1^{2}\pi^{2}\text{\emph{ħ}}^{2}}{2m_{h}^{*}L^{2}}+E_{g,InGaAs}+\frac{1^{2}\pi^{2}\text{\emph{ħ}}^{2}}{2m_{e}^{*}L^{2}}
E_{g,transition}=E_{1h}+E_{g,InGaAs}+E_{1e}=\frac{1^{2}\pi^{2}\text{\emph{ħ}}^{2}}{2m_{h}^{*}L^{2}}+E_{g,InGaAs}+\frac{1^{2}\pi^{2}\text{\emph{ħ}}^{2}}{2m_{e}^{*}L^{2}}=0.8\unit{eV}
\]
\end_inset
@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ For confined electron states:
\emph on
\begin_inset Formula
\[
E_{1e}=\frac{1^{2}\pi^{2}\text{\emph{ħ}}^{2}}{2\cdotp m_{e}^{*}\cdotp\left(14.87\unit{nm}\right)^{2}}
E_{1e}=\frac{1^{2}\pi^{2}\text{ħ}^{2}}{2\cdotp m_{e}^{*}\cdotp\left(14.87\unit{nm}\right)^{2}}
\]
\end_inset
@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@ For confined hole states:
\emph on
\begin_inset Formula
\[
E_{1h}=\frac{1^{2}\pi^{2}\text{\emph{ħ}}^{2}}{2\cdotp m_{h}^{*}\cdotp\left(14.87\unit{nm}\right)^{2}}
E_{1h}=\frac{1^{2}\pi^{2}\text{ħ}^{2}}{2\cdotp m_{h}^{*}\cdotp\left(14.87\unit{nm}\right)^{2}}
\]
\end_inset
@ -1241,7 +1241,8 @@ status open
\begin_inset Caption Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
InP/InGaAs/InP quantum well design
InP/InGaAs/InP quantum well design, relative confined energy level heights
are not to scale
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "fig:quantum-well-design"
@ -1310,7 +1311,7 @@ Here
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula
\[
\int_{{\textstyle all\:space}}\psi^{*}\psi dV=1
\int_{{\textstyle all\;space}}\psi^{*}\psi dV=1
\]
\end_inset
@ -1340,7 +1341,7 @@ in this case providing the wave function
\begin_layout Standard
Importantly, the above conditions are for an infinite quantum well where
an assumption is made that the well has a barrier region of infinite potential
such that the wavefunction is confined to the well.
such that the wavefunction is confined within the well.
A real quantum well is unable to satisfy this leading to the wavefunction
\begin_inset Quotes eld
@ -1750,13 +1751,13 @@ Conclusions
Considering these two probabilities it is clear that it is more likely for
the electron to be found between 6nm and 8nm than between 2nm and 4nm across
the well.
This is as expected considering 6nm to 8nm places the interval towards
the center of the 14.87nm well.
This would be expected considering 6nm to 8nm places the interval towards
the center of the 14.87nm long well.
As the probability density function is a
\begin_inset Formula $\sin^{2}$
\end_inset
function, the maxium area will be towards the center.
function, the majority of the area will be towards the center.
Referring to figure
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
@ -1795,8 +1796,8 @@ Paclitaxel
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Paclitaxel is a chemotherapy drug in the taxane family which function as
mitotic inhibitors.
Paclitaxel is a chemotherapy drug in the taxane family which together function
as mitotic inhibitors.
This involves the suppression of mitosis or cell division by preventing
the breakdown of the microtubules helping provide structure to cells.
@ -1805,14 +1806,14 @@ Paclitaxel is a chemotherapy drug in the taxane family which function as
\begin_layout Standard
This is effective in treating cancer as constant, unmitigated cell mitosis
is how cancer spreads throughout the body, blocking this process causes
it to die without reproducing.
the cells to die without reproducing.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
While taxanes are an effective cancer treatment, their use is made less
efficacious due to their particularly insolubility in water requiring additiona
l chemcials to act as a delivery vehicle in order to allow a solution to
be created for intraveneous application.
efficacious due to their practical insolubility in water.
In order to allow intravenous treatment, additional chemicals must be used
as delivery 'vehicles' to improve solubility.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
@ -1859,9 +1860,9 @@ As a result of the poor water solubility of taxanes and paclitaxel, a method
for delivering a solution was required.
Polyethoxylated castor oil (commercially known as Kolliphor EL, formerly
Cremophor EL [CrEL]) combined with dehydrated ethanol provides a suitable
formulation vehicle for many poorly water soluble and lipophilic drugs
and has been the standard for many forms of commercially available paclitaxel
such as Taxol.
formulation vehicle for many poorly water soluble and lipophilic (tending
to dissolve in lipids or fats) drugs and has been the standard for many
forms of commercially available paclitaxel such as Taxol.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
@ -1907,8 +1908,8 @@ literal "false"
and is part of the albumin protein family.
HSA is produced by the liver and performs important functions such as maintaini
ng oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, ensuring the right levels of fluids
are found between blood vessels and body tissues, and transporting hormones
ng oncotic pressure in the blood vessels (ensuring the right levels of fluids
are found between blood vessels and body tissues) and transporting hormones
and fatty acids around the body.
\end_layout
@ -1980,19 +1981,11 @@ literal "false"
of using a native biological subtance.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
The nanoparticles are biodegradable as nano particles of the sizes 10-100nm
can be shown to enter the capillaries and be expelled as part of normal
cell clearance.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
While HSA is frequently used due to it's native presence in the body reducing
the chances of an immunologic response, suitable albumin can also be found
in egg whites (ovalbumin [OVA]) and bovine serum (bovine serum albumin
[BSA]) where abundance and low cost are advantages.
Many of the advantages provided by using albumin can be attributed to using
a biological protein.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
@ -2002,9 +1995,55 @@ NAB-Paclitaxel
\begin_layout Standard
While there are many ways to produce albumin nanoparticles including desolvation
, emulsification and thermal gelation, an albumin specific technology was
developed in order to capture lipophilic (tending to dissolve in lipids
or fats) drugs in albumin nanoparticles known as NAB-technology where NAB
refers to nanoparticle albumin-bound.
developed in order to capture lipophilic drugs in albumin nanoparticles
known as NAB-technology where NAB refers to nanoparticle albumin-bound.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Float figure
wide false
sideways false
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\align center
\begin_inset Graphics
filename nab-pac.png
lyxscale 30
width 60col%
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Caption Standard
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Diagram showing albumin nanoparticles in combination with paclitaxel
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
LatexCommand cite
key "veeda_edge"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
@ -2164,8 +2203,14 @@ The landscape is further broadening with research being completed into applying
rapamycin.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Drug delivery is one of the largest areas within the field of nanomedicine
with other sectors including direct cancer treatment, medical imaging and
blood purification.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Paragraph*
Part II Word Count:
Part II Word Count: 989
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard

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4
references.bib
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@ -150,5 +150,7 @@ abstract = "Protein misfolding and self-assembly of disease-related and disease-
}
@book{epar_summary_for_the_public-abraxane_2015,
title={European Public Assessment Report Summary - Abraxane}, url={https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/abraxane}, journal={ European Medicines Agency}, publisher={ European Medicines Agency}, year={2008}, month={Jan}}
title={European Public Assessment Report Summary - Abraxane}, url={https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/abraxane}, journal={ European Medicines Agency}, publisher={ European Medicines Agency}, year={2008}, month={Jan}}
@misc{veeda_edge, title={Protein bound Nano Particles Quantitative bioassays for Total and Unbounded fraction}, url={https://www.veedacr.com/2017/flyers/Protein bound nano particles/Protein bound nano particles.html}, journal={Veeda Edge}}