1213 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
1213 lines
30 KiB
Plaintext
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\pdf_title "Linear Predictive Speech Synthesizer"
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\pdf_author "Andy Pack"
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\pdf_subject "EEEM030 Speech & Audio Processing & Recognition"
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\begin_body
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Andy Pack
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Left Footer
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October 2020
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Left Header
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Sustainable Cable Ship - Group 1
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Section
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Vessel Technical Study
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Electrical Propulsion
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The design of the vessel propulsion system is a critical factor in the final
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design for the project.
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The propulsion will have a significant influence on other factors of the
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design as well as being one of the main opportunities to reduce the operational
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carbon footprint.
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Working from the brief, the design of the propulsion system will be particularl
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y focusing on two specifications, that of net-zero carbon operations and
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having a modular design facilitating a possible retrofit in the future.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Investigations were made into fully renewable electricity generation for
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the purpose of propulsion without chemical fuels.
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The main form of renewable electricity to have maritime applications would
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be solar, methods such as hydroelectric generators and wind turbines would
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drastically affect the aero and hydrodynamics of the craft and fail to
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produce more power than being lost via this drag.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Solar
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Solar-powered ships have been commercially available for around 30 years
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however they are not of the same form factor as that being pursued here,
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tending towards smaller ferries and river or canal settings as opposed
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to sea-faring industrial vessels.
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Currently, the largest completely solar-powered ship is the Swiss
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\noun on
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Tûranor PlanetSolar
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\noun default
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, the first solar electric ship to circumnavigate the globe
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reference "fig:The-Tûranor-PlanetSolar"
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plural "false"
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caps "false"
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noprefix "false"
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\end_inset
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.
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Standing at 30m long, the vessel is less than half the length of typical
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cable ships, it is not an industrial craft and was instead designed as
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a luxury yacht, see figure
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "fig:The-Tûranor-PlanetSolar"
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plural "false"
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caps "false"
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noprefix "false"
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\end_inset
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.
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The deck of the vessel is also almost entirely covered in solar cells,
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an impractical design point for an industrial ship.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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The
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\noun on
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Tûranor PlanetSolar
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\noun default
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,
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key "planetsolar"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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In order to evaluate the efficacy of a solar-powered propulsion system,
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estimations were made using the average deck area and propulsion power
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requirements of the existing fleet of cable laying and maintenance vehicles.
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A range of solar panels were included in an effort to find the highest
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energy density possible.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Even with the generous and somewhat unrealistic assumptions that the panels
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could produce their maximum rated power for 8 hours a day with 50% coverage
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of the deck, only 1% of the required operating power could be provided
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by the solar array, see appendix
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "sec:Solar-Power-Estimations"
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plural "false"
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caps "false"
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noprefix "false"
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\end_inset
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.
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This would also require that the the vessel only be mobile during the day,
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a highly impractical restriction for a vessel.
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Ultimately, a fully solar-powered industrial ship of the scale being pursued
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in this project does not appear to currently be viable, despite solar being
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one of the most promising renewable electric solution for such an application
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in the future.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Modular Propulsion
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Some of the power generation methods being discussed are not currently viable
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for the scale of vessel and endurance required.
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Many are close to being viable and will soon allow net-zero carbon operations
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with the feasibility of current fossil fuel solutions.
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With this and the design principle of modulation in mind, one method to
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allow retrofitting more advanced power generation in the future would be
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to abstract the power generation away from it's application in vessel propulsio
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n.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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In doing so, the propulsion system could be divided into two areas of concern,
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power generation and drive.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Generation
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The generation stage of propulsion would comprise methods of generating
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electricity for the drive stage.
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This would include the power generated by chemical fuels as described in
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section NICK-PROPULSION and any renewable energy contributing to the propulsion
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of the vessel.
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Those systems not directly producing electrical power would include methods
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to transfer it, an alternator can be used to convert mechanical energy
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from a combustion engine to electrical energy in the form of AC current.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Drive
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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The drive section would include methods to store the produced energy and
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the final thrust mechanisms, whether that be water jets, propellors or
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an alternative.
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Although, in theory, the generation stage could be directly connected to
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the thrust methods, the inclusion of energy storage provides a buffer to
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smooth power draw spikes.
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This would reduce the need to increase the power being generated to serve
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periods of high power draw.
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If used, this would allow combustion engines to run in their most efficient
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states, partially decoupled from the power draw.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsection
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Onboard Operating Systems
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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To operate effectively at sea, the ship requires a number of systems to
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aid in navigation and control.
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Many of these are standard for marine operations, the scope of systems
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being used must be considered in order to estimate power usage.
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Should a hybrid-electric propulsion including batteries be considered,
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designs could include powering the onboard systems from this battery set
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or from a separate array.
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Additionally, final designs could generate power for these systems using
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onboard renewable energy such as solar power or from the generation stage
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of the propulsion system, the use of renewables would be favoured in order
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to contribute to the goal of net-zero carbon operations.
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This would likely be more achievable than fully renewable electric propulsion
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as the power draw could be orders of magnitude less than the average 9
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MW being used by current cable ship propulsion (appendix
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "sec:Solar-Power-Estimations"
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plural "false"
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|
caps "false"
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noprefix "false"
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|
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\end_inset
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|
).
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Navigation
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
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The use of a maritime radar system is critical for safety when maneuvering
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|
at-sea and close to shore.
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|
By measuring the reflections of emitted microwave beams, possible collisions
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both static and mobile including other ships and land obstacles can be
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identified and avoided,
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "Radar"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
|
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.
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This allows safe movement even without any visibility.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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A sonar system is also standard for maritime operations.
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While radar provides mapping of obstacles at the surface, sonar typically
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maps below the water.
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In its simplest form this provides depth information, more advanced systems
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can provide more extensive mapping of the surroundings,
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "sonar-slam"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Finally, a satellite navigation system such as GPS or Galileo will provide
|
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global mapping when navigating throughout the mission life-cycle.
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\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
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These systems will serve as inputs to the higher-level navigation systems
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including autonomous control and dynamic positioning.
|
|
Originally designed merely to hold a course, autonomous piloting systems
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|
are now capable of performing SLAM (Simultaneous localisation and mapping)
|
|
to construct an intelligent and dynamic course that will reroute around
|
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objects, be they other ships or land masses,
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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key "sonar-slam,maritime-autonomy.vs.autpilot,unmanned-slam"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Dynamic positioning (DP) is in many ways similar to the more intelligent
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autonomous systems described above.
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Originally used for offshore drilling operations, dynamic positioning systems
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are responsible for keeping a ship static by using the propulsion systems
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to counteract the moving ocean and incident wind force,
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "dyn-pos"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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|
.
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Advanced systems provide reliability and redundancy likely beyond the requireme
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nts of this project, the DNV GL standard class 3 requires stability even
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during a complete burn fire subdivision or flooded watertight compartments
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "dnv-dp,offshore-dp"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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|
.
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A suitable DP system for the cable repair operations taking into account
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it's capabilities and cost will be important during the design.
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\end_layout
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|
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|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Communications
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\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
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|
The ship will be fitted with a VHF (Very high frequency) radio system, standard
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|
for maritime ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore and possibly ship-to-air communication
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s,
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "icom-radio"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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|
.
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The UK Maritime & Coastguard agency requires a radio along with a license
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both for the ship and operator (
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "yachtcom-requirements"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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|
).
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The radio has a range dependent on the height of the antenna, for an elevation
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|
of 100m the radio should have a range of roughly 50 kilometers (
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "yachtcom-vhf"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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|
) which would not typically be useful for ship-to-mission control communications
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, this use case would need to be provided by an internet connection.
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\end_layout
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Supplementing the collision avoidance provided by the radar system, the
|
|
use of a VHF radio with AIS (Automatic identification system) capabilities
|
|
provide additional information to passing ships and vessel traffic services
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|
(VTS).
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|
Ships broadcast messages including unique identifiers, status (moving,
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|
anchored), speed and bearing among others,
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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|
LatexCommand cite
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key "marininsight-ais"
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literal "false"
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|
\end_inset
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|
.
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Advanced systems can also relay information from other ships, creating
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|
a mesh network.
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|
This information is also used by the autonomous piloting system, allowing
|
|
coordination of vessel headings with the headings of surrounding vessels.
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|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
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|
The ship should have multiple gateways to the wider internet.
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|
While berthed, the ship should be able to directly connect to the main
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|
depot, whether physically with an Ethernet cable alongside shore-power
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|
or via a high-strength wireless connection.
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
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|
While at sea, the ship should be connected to the internet via a satellite
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|
connection.
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|
Satellite connectivity presents limited speed at a high price however it
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|
is one of the only methods to ensure consistent connectivity throughout
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|
the ship's operating range.
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|
Although there are many different provider options, state of the art speeds
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|
can read 50/5 Mbps
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|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "digisat"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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|
.
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|
With these speeds, specific QoS and flow controls could be used to prioritise
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|
mission critical traffic over user activity.
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|
\end_layout
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|
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|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
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|
Auxiliary
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|
\end_layout
|
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\begin_layout Standard
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|
Other, more boilerplate, systems should also be included.
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|
This would include onboard lighting, both internal and external and an
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|
audio system for tannoy broadcasts.
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|
\end_layout
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|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
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|
Mission Operations
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|
\end_layout
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|
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\begin_layout Standard
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|
Faults in sub-sea cables or their signal repeaters are generally repaired
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|
by raising the length of affected cable up to the stern of ship, splicing
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|
in a new section of cable or repairing/replacing the repeater and then
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|
re-situating the cable on the seabed,
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|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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|
LatexCommand cite
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|
key "deccan-repair,subcom-anim"
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|
literal "false"
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|
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|
\end_inset
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|
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|
.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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|
This project is not focused on the specific act of repair as this is the
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|
responsibility of specialist crew members, instead the focus is on the
|
|
process of slicing and raising the cable to the vessel.
|
|
There are generally two methods for completing this slicing/raising process,
|
|
using grapnels or a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV).
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Grapnels
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Grapnels are tools attached to an anchor chain that trail the stern of the
|
|
ship along the seabed.
|
|
The aforementioned slicing and gripping for retrieval is completed by two
|
|
different grapnels and requires repeated motions of the vessel perpendicular
|
|
to the cable in order to intersect it,
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
|
LatexCommand cite
|
|
key "subcom-anim"
|
|
literal "false"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The disadvantage of this method is the need for repeated motions of the
|
|
vessel and the lack of fine control over the grapnels.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
ROV
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
ROVs are submersible robotic devices used to complete remote work at sea.
|
|
The wide range of applications have led to many form factors of vehicle
|
|
from
|
|
\emph on
|
|
micro
|
|
\emph default
|
|
and
|
|
\emph on
|
|
observation
|
|
\emph default
|
|
ROVs for inspection and data collection in shallow water to larger
|
|
\emph on
|
|
work
|
|
\emph default
|
|
class vehicles responsible for deep water operations such oil drilling
|
|
or cable laying.
|
|
The use of a remote-controllable device allows the ship to remain static
|
|
as the ROV can complete both cutting and gripping motions in-place.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
This reduces the movement required by the vessel and allows finer control
|
|
over the manual grapnel method.
|
|
This, along with the ability to see what is happening at the actuators
|
|
using onboard cameras would likely make these operations faster and more
|
|
accurate.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
A disadvantage to using an ROV is the depth to which it is rated.
|
|
ROVs have a maximum operating depth due to the increasing pressure of the
|
|
sea, the
|
|
\noun on
|
|
ROV Subastian
|
|
\noun default
|
|
has a maximum working depth of 4,500m for example.
|
|
Once an operating range is defined for the ship, much of this could include
|
|
areas of sea floor that require a heavier duty ROV, see figure
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
|
|
LatexCommand ref
|
|
reference "fig:Sea-depth"
|
|
plural "false"
|
|
caps "false"
|
|
noprefix "false"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
As such, a balance must be found between an ROV that will be useful throughout
|
|
a suitable operating area without being over-engineered, possible incurring
|
|
higher initial and maintenance costs.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Float figure
|
|
wide false
|
|
sideways false
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\noindent
|
|
\align center
|
|
\begin_inset Graphics
|
|
filename SeaDepth.png
|
|
lyxscale 30
|
|
width 75col%
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
\begin_inset Caption Standard
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
The depth of the sea floor surrounding western Europe, darker regions indicate
|
|
deeper waters
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
|
LatexCommand label
|
|
name "fig:Sea-depth"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
One method to achieve this balance would be to have the capability to conduct
|
|
operations with both traditional grapnels and an ROV, this would allow
|
|
grapnels to be used outside of the ROVs operating range.
|
|
From a redundancy point of view it would also be advantageous to have grapnels
|
|
onboard in case of a ROV fault.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Depot Technical Structure
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
|
Interaction with Ship
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
Network Connection
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Note Comment
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
In designing a distributed cable repair environment across a depot and ship
|
|
where digitalisation is a key design parameter, a secure and flexible network
|
|
layout is critical.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
The final environment will likely consist of between 2 and 3 networked sites
|
|
depending on the physical layout of the depot, some of these sites should
|
|
have bi-directional communications with the others.
|
|
One of the critical design parameters will be security, both internal and
|
|
external.
|
|
External security includes protecting the network from outside actors with
|
|
a firewall, access can be controlled with a virtual private network (VPN).
|
|
Internally, security can be controlled using virtual LANs or VLANS.
|
|
VLANs allow logical grouping of connected devices in order to specify rules
|
|
defining who else on the network can be communicated with.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
The structure of the network designed for the separate leisure facilities
|
|
will depend upon it's location compared to the main depot.
|
|
If the leisure facilities are directly co-located with the main depot then
|
|
one large network could be constructed across both of the buildings.
|
|
This could be done physically or with a wireless connection however a wired
|
|
connection would be preferred for speed and stability.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Digitalisation
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The concept of digitalisation has a somewhat broad definition, sometimes
|
|
dependent on the domain and context in which it is used.
|
|
For the purposes of this project, the following adequately describes the
|
|
goal being pursued,
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Quote
|
|
|
|
\emph on
|
|
The use of digital technologies to change a business model and provide new
|
|
revenue and value-producing opportunities; it is the process of moving
|
|
to a digital business.
|
|
|
|
\emph default
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
|
LatexCommand cite
|
|
key "gartner-digitalization"
|
|
literal "false"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
The most relevant areas within which to explore the process of digitalisation
|
|
are the ship and mission operations, approaching what could colloquially
|
|
be deemed a
|
|
\emph on
|
|
Smart Ship
|
|
\emph default
|
|
.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Autonomous piloting and dynamic positioning are computationally expensive
|
|
and will likely require server computation capabilities on the ship.
|
|
Through the use of virtualisation, this hardware could be used both for
|
|
these applications, network services and additional computation.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Combining bi-directional communication between ship and depot with local
|
|
computation, mission coordination could be made more efficient.
|
|
Simple implementations could include live mission details being passed
|
|
from depot-to-ship such as fault locations and equipment requirements and
|
|
live,
|
|
\emph on
|
|
heartbeat
|
|
\emph default
|
|
-like data being passed back to the depot such as location, speed, battery
|
|
and fuel levels.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
One of the main limitations would likely be the limited internet speed and
|
|
latency of a satellite connection.
|
|
It will be critical to ensure that, where possible, calculations with results
|
|
relevant to the ship are computed locally in order to reduce the required
|
|
bandwidth of the limited connection.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Newpage newpage
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
|
LatexCommand label
|
|
name "sec:bibliography"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset bibtex
|
|
LatexCommand bibtex
|
|
btprint "btPrintCited"
|
|
bibfiles "references"
|
|
options "bibtotoc"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
\start_of_appendix
|
|
Solar Power Estimations
|
|
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
|
LatexCommand label
|
|
name "sec:Solar-Power-Estimations"
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
From the fleet of current cable laying and repair ships the following average
|
|
measurements were taken,
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\noindent
|
|
\align center
|
|
\begin_inset Tabular
|
|
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
|
|
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Average Width
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
116.5 m
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Average Length
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
20.53 m
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Average Sum Propulsion Power
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
9,111.84 kW
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</lyxtabular>
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
A deck area was calculated using the rectangle formed by this average width
|
|
and length, 2391.75
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $m^{2}$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
, this is an over-estimation as boat footprints are not rectangular.
|
|
50% of this deck was used to estimate power generation, 2391.75
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $m^{2}$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
, while likely not feasible on typical industrial boat designs a theoretical
|
|
pure solar-powered vessel would require high coverage.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
For estimation purposes, the power generation profile of the investigated
|
|
solar panels was that of max power output for 8 hours a day.
|
|
This is far from the actual profile but will provide reasonable numbers
|
|
for these purposes, it will be an overestimation of the potential power
|
|
output.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Finally the vessel is assumed to be operate continuously at 75% of max power
|
|
draw, this in order to average the periods with which the vessel is stationary
|
|
and when it is operating at full power.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Using these premises, the percentage of required power being generated by
|
|
the panels can be roughly estimated by the following equation,
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Formula
|
|
\[
|
|
P_{\%}=\frac{A_{deck}\bullet50\%}{A_{panel}}\bullet\frac{P_{max\:panel}\bullet33\%}{P_{max\:vessel}\bullet70\%}
|
|
\]
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
Using this, the following panels provided the following percentage of required
|
|
power using the rated dimensions and
|
|
\begin_inset Formula $P_{max}$
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
from their respective datasheets,
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\noindent
|
|
\align center
|
|
\begin_inset Tabular
|
|
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
|
|
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
|
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Make
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Model
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Required Power %
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
CMPower
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
CMP24110SR
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
1.15
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
CMPower
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
CMP24175SR
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
1.24
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Panasonic
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
VBHN340SJ53
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
1.27
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Sunpower Maxeon 5
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
SPR-MAX5-450-COM
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
|
\begin_inset Text
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
1.41
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
</cell>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</lyxtabular>
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Section
|
|
Nuclear Extract
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
\begin_inset Note Comment
|
|
status open
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
Nuclear energy is a proven technology for vessels of this size however there
|
|
are many caveats that effectively discount it from applications in this
|
|
project.
|
|
Despite effectively producing zero emissions, the required infrastructure,
|
|
specialists, liability, and safety requirements are far beyond the scope
|
|
of this project, insuring the vessel would also be a significant obstacle.
|
|
For these and other reasons, nuclear marine propulsion is still mostly
|
|
limited to military vessels.
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
|
|
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\end_layout
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\end_body
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\end_document
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