first draft done, finally adding renewables spreadsheet pre-onedrive
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@comment{x-kbibtex-encoding=utf-8}
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@misc{gartner-digitalization,
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@misc{gartner-digitalization,
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@ -478,19 +479,6 @@
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year = {2017}
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year = {2017}
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}
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}
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@comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:bibtex;}
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@comment{jabref-meta: grouping:
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1 StaticGroup:UUV\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
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2 StaticGroup:ROV\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
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1 StaticGroup:Battery\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
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}
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@misc{eu-current-battery-law,
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@misc{eu-current-battery-law,
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author = {{European Commission}},
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author = {{European Commission}},
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@ -728,3 +716,27 @@
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|||||||
urldate = {2020-12-29}
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urldate = {2020-12-29}
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||||||
}
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}
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||||||
|
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||||||
|
@Misc{wef-cobalt-mining,
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||||||
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author = {{World Economic Forum}},
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||||||
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howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
month = sep,
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||||||
|
title = {Making Mining Safe and Fair: Artisanal cobalt extraction in the Democratic Republic of the Congo},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/making-mining-safe-and-fair-artisanal-cobalt-extraction-democratic},
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||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-30},
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||||||
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}
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||||||
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||||||
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@Comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:bibtex;}
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||||||
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@Comment{jabref-meta: grouping:
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0 AllEntriesGroup:;
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||||||
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2 StaticGroup:ROV\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
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2 StaticGroup:AUV\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
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||||||
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1 StaticGroup:Renewables\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
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1 StaticGroup:Battery\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
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}
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742
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% Encoding: UTF-8
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@comment{x-kbibtex-encoding=utf-8}
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||||||
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||||||
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@misc{gartner-digitalization,
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author = {Gartner},
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title = {Gartner Glossary: Digitalization},
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url = {https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/digitalization}
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||||||
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}
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||||||
|
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||||||
|
@misc{planetsolar,
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||||||
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author = {Jenny Filippetti},
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groups = {Renewables},
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||||||
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howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
month = jul,
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||||||
|
title = {PlanetSolar: the first solar powered boat around the world},
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||||||
|
url = {https://www.designboom.com/technology/planetsolar-the-first-solar-powered-boat-around-the-world},
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||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16},
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||||||
|
year = {2012}
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||||||
|
}
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||||||
|
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||||||
|
@misc{Radar,
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||||||
|
author = {Shilavadra Bhattacharjee},
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||||||
|
groups = {Navigation},
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||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = apr,
|
||||||
|
title = {Marine Radars and Their Use in the Shipping Industry},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-navigation/marine-radars-and-their-use-in-the-shipping-industry},
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||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-15},
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||||||
|
year = {2020}
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}
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||||||
|
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||||||
|
@book{sonar-slam,
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||||||
|
author = {David Ribas and Pere Ridao and José Neira},
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||||||
|
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-14040-2},
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||||||
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edition = {1},
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||||||
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groups = {Navigation},
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||||||
|
isbn = {978-3-642-14039-6},
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||||||
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issn = {1610-7438},
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||||||
|
month = jan,
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||||||
|
publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
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||||||
|
title = {Underwater SLAM for Structured Environments Using an Imaging Sonar},
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||||||
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urldate = {2020-12-15},
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year = {2010}
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||||||
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}
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@misc{maritime-autonomy.vs.autpilot,
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author = {{Sea Machines}},
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groups = {Navigation},
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||||||
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howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
month = jan,
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||||||
|
title = {Marine Autonomy vs. Autopilot: Know the Differences},
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||||||
|
url = {https://www.maritime-executive.com/features/marine-autonomy-vs-autopilot-know-the-differences-1},
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urldate = {2020-12-15},
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year = {2020}
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}
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@article{unmanned-slam,
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|
author = {Prof R Sutton and Dr S Sharma and Dr T Xao},
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doi = {10.1080/20464177.2011.11020248},
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||||||
|
eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2011.11020248},
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groups = {Navigation},
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||||||
|
journal = {Journal of Marine Engineering \& Technology},
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|
number = {3},
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||||||
|
pages = {3–20},
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||||||
|
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
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||||||
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title = {Adaptive navigation systems for an unmanned surface vehicle},
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|
url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2011.11020248},
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urldate = {2020-12-15},
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volume = {10},
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year = {2011}
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}
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@misc{dyn-pos,
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author = {{Nautical Institute}},
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||||||
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groups = {Navigation},
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||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
title = {Dynamic Positioning},
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||||||
|
url = {https://www.nautinst.org/resource-library/technical-library/dynamic-positioning.html},
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urldate = {2020-12-15}
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}
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@misc{dnv-dp,
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author = {{DNV GL}},
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groups = {Navigation},
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howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
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month = jul,
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||||||
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title = {Dynamic positioning vessel design philosophy guidelines},
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|
url = {https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/DNVGL/RP/2015-07/DNVGL-RP-E306.pdf},
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urldate = {2020-12-15},
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year = {2015}
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||||||
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}
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@misc{offshore-dp,
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author = {{Offshore Engineering}},
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groups = {Navigation},
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||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
title = {Dynamic Positioning Classes - Redundancy Levels},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.offshoreengineering.com/education/dynamic-positioning-dp/dnv-dp-classes-redundancy},
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urldate = {2020-12-15}
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}
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@misc{icom-radio,
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author = {{ICOM}},
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groups = {Communications},
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||||||
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howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
title = {A Guide to Marine Radio},
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||||||
|
url = {https://icomuk.co.uk/A-Guide-to-Marine-Radio/3995/169}
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}
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@misc{yachtcom-vhf,
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author = {YachtCom},
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groups = {Communications},
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howpublished = {Online},
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title = {Marine VHF Radio},
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url = {http://www.yachtcom.co.uk/comms/vhf}
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}
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@misc{yachtcom-requirements,
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author = {YachtCom},
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groups = {Communications},
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||||||
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howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
title = {Marine Radio Legal Requirements},
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||||||
|
url = {http://www.yachtcom.co.uk/comms/home2020.html}
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}
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@misc{marininsight-ais,
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author = {Shilavadra Bhattacharjee},
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||||||
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groups = {Communications, Navigation},
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||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
month = nov,
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||||||
|
title = {Automatic Identification System (AIS): Integrating and Identifying Marine Communication Channels},
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||||||
|
url = {https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-navigation/automatic-identification-system-ais-integrating-and-identifying-marine-communication-channels},
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||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-15},
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year = {2019}
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}
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@article{digisat,
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author = {Digisat},
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||||||
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groups = {Communications},
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||||||
|
title = {Maritime Internet Service},
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||||||
|
url = {https://www.digisat.org/maritime-satellite-internet}
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}
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@misc{deccan-repair,
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||||||
|
author = {Francis D'Sa},
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||||||
|
groups = {Operations},
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||||||
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howpublished = {Online},
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||||||
|
month = dec,
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||||||
|
title = {How undersea fibre-optic cables are repaired},
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||||||
|
url = {https://www.deccanchronicle.com/technology/in-other-news/161216/how-undersea-fibre-optic-cables-are-repaired.html},
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urldate = {2020-12-15},
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||||||
|
year = {2016}
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}
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@misc{subcom-anim,
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author = {Subcom},
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groups = {Operations},
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howpublished = {Youtube},
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month = jan,
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||||||
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title = {Repair Animation - Undersea Fiber Optic Cable System},
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||||||
|
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3tPI0qbLaE},
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||||||
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urldate = {2020-12-16},
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||||||
|
year = {2019}
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|
}
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|
||||||
|
@misc{kis-orca,
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||||||
|
author = {KIS-ORCA},
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groups = {Operations},
|
||||||
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keywords = {rank1},
|
||||||
|
ranking = {rank1},
|
||||||
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title = {Maintenance / Repair Operations},
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||||||
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url = {https://kis-orca.eu/subsea-cables/maintenance-repair-operations}
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}
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||||||
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@misc{schmidt-subastian,
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||||||
|
author = {{Schmidt Ocean Institute}},
|
||||||
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groups = {ROV},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
title = {4500 m Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV SuBastian)},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://schmidtocean.org/technology/robotic-platforms/4500-m-remotely-operated-vehicle-rov},
|
||||||
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urldate = {2020-12-16}
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||||||
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}
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||||||
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||||||
|
@proceedings{suboptic-grapnel,
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||||||
|
author = {Andrew Thomas and Nigel Weaver},
|
||||||
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groups = {Operations},
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||||||
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keywords = {rank1},
|
||||||
|
organization = {SubOptic},
|
||||||
|
ranking = {rank1},
|
||||||
|
title = {Advances in Deepwater Cable Maintenance Through New Grapnel Technology},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.suboptic.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/273_Poster_MN_08.pdf},
|
||||||
|
year = {2010}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
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|
||||||
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@misc{rov-manual,
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||||||
|
author = {{Marine Technology Society ROV Committe}},
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||||||
|
groups = {ROV},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
title = {Operational Effectiveness of Unmanned Underwater Systems},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://rov.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/manual.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16}
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||||||
|
}
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||||||
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@misc{noaa-depth,
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author = {NOAA},
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comment = {water depth data},
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month = aug,
|
||||||
|
title = {ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.dem:316},
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||||||
|
year = {2008}
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||||||
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}
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||||||
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||||||
|
@misc{noaa-depth-google,
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author = {NOAA},
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||||||
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howpublished = {Google},
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||||||
|
month = aug,
|
||||||
|
title = {Google Earth - ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model},
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||||||
|
url = {https://earth.google.com/web/@-1.09506143,142.69180778,-2789.96992561a,18002923.90380377d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=Ci4SLBIgYjczNzM1Y2E0Y2FiMTFlODhlMTU3MTM3ODRlMDYzMjMiCGxheWVyc18w},
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||||||
|
year = {2008}
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||||||
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}
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||||||
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|
||||||
|
@misc{first-solar,
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||||||
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author = {Jeff Butler},
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||||||
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groups = {Renewables},
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||||||
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howpublished = {Plugboats},
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||||||
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month = may,
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||||||
|
title = {TBThursday 1975: The world’s 1st Solarboat},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://plugboats.com/tbthursday-1975-the-worlds-1st-solarboat},
|
||||||
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urldate = {2020-12-16},
|
||||||
|
year = {2019}
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||||||
|
}
|
||||||
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||||||
|
@inproceedings{cut-and-hold-paper,
|
||||||
|
author = {Y. {Ejiri} and T. {Mizuguchi} and K. {Oto} and Y. {Yamaguchi}},
|
||||||
|
booktitle = {OCEANS 91 Proceedings},
|
||||||
|
doi = {10.1109/OCEANS.1991.613945},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Operations},
|
||||||
|
month = oct,
|
||||||
|
pages = {290–295},
|
||||||
|
title = {Newly Developed Cut And Hold Grapnel},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/613945},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16},
|
||||||
|
volume = {1},
|
||||||
|
year = {1991}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{cut-and-hold-eta-product,
|
||||||
|
author = {ETA},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Operations},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
title = {Cut \& Hold Grapnel},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.eta-ltd.com/cut-and-hold-grapnel.html},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-15}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{rov-hector-7-datasheet,
|
||||||
|
author = {{SIMEC Technologies}},
|
||||||
|
groups = {ROV},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = nov,
|
||||||
|
title = {Hector ROVs},
|
||||||
|
url = {http://www.simec-technologies.com/upload/galerie/fiche-hector-2016-50770.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16},
|
||||||
|
year = {2014}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
@misc{auv-hugin-superior-datasheet,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Kongsberg Maritime}},
|
||||||
|
groups = {AUV},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = dec,
|
||||||
|
title = {HUGIN Superior},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.kongsberg.com/globalassets/maritime/km-products/product-documents/hugin-superior.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16},
|
||||||
|
year = {2018}
|
||||||
|
}
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||||||
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|
||||||
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@misc{smd-qtrencher-600-datasheet,
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||||||
|
author = {SMD},
|
||||||
|
groups = {ROV},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = jan,
|
||||||
|
title = {Q‐TRENCHER 600},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.smd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/QT600.pdf_0.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16},
|
||||||
|
year = {2017}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
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|
||||||
|
@misc{global-marine-atlas-data-sheet,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Global Marine}},
|
||||||
|
groups = {ROV},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = dec,
|
||||||
|
title = {Atlas Series},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://globalmarine.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/atlantisrovdatasheet.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16},
|
||||||
|
year = {2019}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{ultra-map-cable-damage-causes,
|
||||||
|
author = {Ultramap},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Operations},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
title = {The Biggest Threat to Subsea Cables},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://ultra-map.org/the-biggest-threat-to-subsea-cables/},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{glboal-marine-st200-datasheet,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Global Marine}},
|
||||||
|
groups = {ROV},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = dec,
|
||||||
|
title = {ST200 Series},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://globalmarine.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/st200seriesdatasheet.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-16},
|
||||||
|
year = {2019}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{battery-uni-chemistry-types,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Battery University}},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
title = {What's the Best Battery?},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/archive/whats_the_best_battery},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-19},
|
||||||
|
year = {2017}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@article{lawsone-high-voltage-flow-battery,
|
||||||
|
abstract = {Recently, redox-flow batteries (RFBs) are drawing intensive attention due to their advantages of peak shaving, grid flexibility and long life time. All-vanadium RFBs are most widely employed, but the high cost and toxicity hinder their large-scale applications. As potential substitutes, development of organic-based aqueous RFBs is impeded by a lack of electroactive pairs with combination of high cell voltage and sufficient cycle stability. In this work, a novel biomolecule-based aqueous RFB with high performance was successfully fabricated. Lawsone, a renewable biomolecule derived from natural henna, was developed as a stable anolyte. By paring with 4-HO-TEMPO, the as-assembled RFB exhibits a high operating voltage above 1.30 V, which is among the highest records. Meanwhile, the capacity retention rate reaches 99.992\% per cycle. This work highlights the rational utilization of redox-active biomolecule to construct sustainable, low-cost and high-performance aqueous RFBs.},
|
||||||
|
author = {Pengfei Hu and Hao Lan and Xiao Wang and Yun Yang and Xiaoyu Liu and Hua Wang and Lin Guo},
|
||||||
|
doi = {10.1016/j.ensm.2018.10.017},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
issn = {2405-8297},
|
||||||
|
journal = {Energy Storage Materials},
|
||||||
|
keywords = {Biomolecule, Renewability, Flow battery, Energy storage, Sustainability},
|
||||||
|
pages = {62–68},
|
||||||
|
title = {Renewable-lawsone-based sustainable and high-voltage aqueous flow battery},
|
||||||
|
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240582971830895X},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-20},
|
||||||
|
volume = {19},
|
||||||
|
year = {2019}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{workingmouse-digitalisation,
|
||||||
|
author = {David Burkett},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = dec,
|
||||||
|
title = {Digitisation and Digitalisation: What Means What?},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://workingmouse.com.au/innovation/digitisation-digitalisation-digital-transformation},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-20},
|
||||||
|
year = {2017}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{strathclyde-fuel-cell-efficiency,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Green Box Systems Group}},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = apr,
|
||||||
|
organization = {University of Strathclyde},
|
||||||
|
title = {Fuel Cell Construction and Performance Characterisation},
|
||||||
|
url = {http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/99-00/bio_fuel_cells/groupproject/library/constructionefficiency/text.htm},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-21},
|
||||||
|
year = {2000}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{elec-a2z-fuel-cell-iv,
|
||||||
|
author = {Ahmed Faizan},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
title = {Fuel Cell: Characteristics Curve \& Losses},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://electricala2z.com/renewable-energy/fuel-cell-characteristics-curve-losses/},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-21},
|
||||||
|
year = {2018}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@techreport{circular-energy-li-lca,
|
||||||
|
author = {Hans Eric Melin},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
institution = {Circular Energy Storage},
|
||||||
|
title = {Analysis of the climate impact of lithium-ion batteries and how to measure it},
|
||||||
|
type = {resreport},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/publications/2019_11_Analysis_CO2_footprint_lithium-ion_batteries.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-21},
|
||||||
|
year = {2019}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@article{argonne-li-ion-lca,
|
||||||
|
abstract = {In light of the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the global vehicle market, understanding the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that characterize the EVs is key to sustainable EV deployment. This study analyzes the cradle-to-gate total energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, SOx, NOx, PM10 emissions, and water consumption associated with current industrial production of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries, with the battery life cycle analysis (LCA) module in the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model, which was recently updated with primary data collected from large-scale commercial battery material producers and automotive LIB manufacturers. The results show that active cathode material, aluminum, and energy use for cell production are the major contributors to the energy and environmental impacts of NMC batteries. However, this study also notes that the impacts could change significantly, depending on where in the world the battery is produced, and where the materials are sourced. In an effort to harmonize existing LCAs of automotive LIBs and guide future research, this study also lays out differences in life cycle inventories (LCIs) for key battery materials among existing LIB LCA studies, and identifies knowledge gaps.},
|
||||||
|
article-number = {48},
|
||||||
|
author = {Qiang Dai and Jarod C. Kelly and Linda Gaines and Michael Wang},
|
||||||
|
doi = {10.3390/batteries5020048},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
issn = {2313-0105},
|
||||||
|
journal = {Batteries},
|
||||||
|
month = jun,
|
||||||
|
number = {2},
|
||||||
|
title = {Life Cycle Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Automotive Applications},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/5/2/48},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-22},
|
||||||
|
volume = {5},
|
||||||
|
year = {2019}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@article{lithium-lca,
|
||||||
|
abstract = {Battery technology is increasingly seen as an integral element for future energy and transportation systems. Current developments in industry show an increasing number and size of battery producing factories, thus leading to an immense energy demand not only during the production of battery cells but also raw material extraction. Determining the embodied energy of battery cells allows a comparison with alternative energy systems and assessing the overall energy demand that can contribute to define measures for the improvement of its environmental footprint. The present work provides an analysis of the production of battery cells regarding their embodied energy. In order to quantify the embodied energy, a material and energy flow analysis (MEFA) was adapted towards battery production. The methodology focuses on the manufacturing processes and considers indirect and direct energy consumers, different machine states and existing yield losses along the value chain. The approach was applied to the battery manufacturing in the Battery LabFactory Braunschweig (BLB).},
|
||||||
|
author = {Matthias Thomitzek and Felipe Cerdas and Sebastian Thiede and Christoph Herrmann},
|
||||||
|
doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2019.01.099},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
issn = {2212-8271},
|
||||||
|
journal = {Procedia CIRP},
|
||||||
|
keywords = {Modelling, Energy, Sustainable development},
|
||||||
|
note = {26th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA May 7-9, 2019},
|
||||||
|
pages = {304–309},
|
||||||
|
title = {Cradle-to-Gate Analysis of the Embodied Energy in Lithium Ion Batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827119301015},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-22},
|
||||||
|
volume = {80},
|
||||||
|
year = {2019}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{wired-lithium,
|
||||||
|
author = {Amit Katwala},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = aug,
|
||||||
|
organization = {Wired},
|
||||||
|
title = {The spiralling environmental cost of our lithium battery addiction},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.wired.co.uk/article/lithium-batteries-environment-impact},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-22},
|
||||||
|
year = {2018}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{resourceworld-54-lithium,
|
||||||
|
author = {Ellsworth Dickson},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
organization = {Resource World},
|
||||||
|
title = {Lithium Triangle},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://resourceworld.com/lithium-triangle/},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-22},
|
||||||
|
year = {2017}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{ethical-consumer-conflict-materials,
|
||||||
|
author = {Heather Webb},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = apr,
|
||||||
|
title = {Conflict Minerals},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/technology/conflict-minerals},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-22},
|
||||||
|
year = {2018}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{batt-uni-discharge-temp,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Battery University}},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
title = {Discharging at High and Low Temperatures},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/discharging_at_high_and_low_temperatures},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-23},
|
||||||
|
year = {2017}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{bat-uni-prolong-liion,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Battery University}},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
title = {How to Prolong Lithium-based Batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/how_to_prolong_lithium_based_batteries},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-23},
|
||||||
|
year = {2017}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{eu-current-battery-law,
|
||||||
|
author = {{European Commission}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = sep,
|
||||||
|
organization = {EU},
|
||||||
|
subtitle = {on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and repealing Directive 91/157/EEC},
|
||||||
|
title = {DIRECTIVE 2006/66/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02006L0066-20131230&rid=1},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-26},
|
||||||
|
year = {2006}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{eu-proposed-battery-law,
|
||||||
|
author = {{European Commission}},
|
||||||
|
location = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = dec,
|
||||||
|
organization = {EU},
|
||||||
|
title = {Proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the council concerning batteries and waste batteries, repealing Directive 2006/66/EC and amending Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/batteries/pdf/Proposal_for_a_Regulation_on_batteries_and_waste_batteries.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-26},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{mse-supplies-dendrite,
|
||||||
|
author = {{MSE Supplies}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = oct,
|
||||||
|
organization = {MSE Supplies},
|
||||||
|
title = {Source of Detrimental Dendrite Growth in Lithium Batteries Discovered},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.msesupplies.com/blogs/news/source-of-detrimental-dendrite-growth-in-lithium-batteries-discovered},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-26},
|
||||||
|
year = {2019}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@article{SSB-challenges-paper,
|
||||||
|
abstract = {The recent discovery of highly conductive solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) has led to tremendous progress in the development of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Though promising, they still face barriers that limit their practical application, such as poor interfacial stability, scalability challenges and production safety. Additionally, efforts to develop sustainable manufacturing of lithium ion batteries are still lacking, with no prevailing strategy developed yet to handle recyclability of ASSBs. To date, most SSE research has been largely focused on the discovery of novel electrolytes. Recent review articles have extensively examined a broad spectrum of these SSEs using evaluation factors such as conductivity and chemical stability. Recognizing this, in this Review we seek to evaluate SSEs beyond conventional factors and offer a perspective on various bulk, interface and nanoscale phenomena that require urgent attention within the scientific community. We provide a realistic assessment of the current state-of-the-art characterization techniques and evaluate future full cell ASSB prototyping strategies. We hope to offer rational solutions to overcome some major fundamental obstacles faced by the ASSB community, as well as potential strategies toward a sustainable ASSB recycling model.},
|
||||||
|
author = {Darren H. S. Tan and Abhik Banerjee and Zheng Chen and Ying Shirley Meng},
|
||||||
|
doi = {10.1038/s41565-020-0657-x},
|
||||||
|
issn = {1748-3395},
|
||||||
|
journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
number = {3},
|
||||||
|
pages = {170–180},
|
||||||
|
risfield_0_da = {2020/03/01},
|
||||||
|
title = {From nanoscale interface characterization to sustainable energy storage using all-solid-state batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-020-0657-x},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-26},
|
||||||
|
volume = {15},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{4-ssb-challenges-article,
|
||||||
|
author = {Mark Hutchins},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
organization = {PV Magazine},
|
||||||
|
title = {Four challenges to solid-state battery scale-up},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.pv-magazine.com/2020/03/18/four-challenges-to-solid-state-battery-scale-up},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-26},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@inproceedings{flow-battery-energy-density,
|
||||||
|
author = {M. R. {Mohamed} and S. M. {Sharkh} and F. C. {Walsh}},
|
||||||
|
booktitle = {2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference},
|
||||||
|
doi = {10.1109/VPPC.2009.5289801},
|
||||||
|
month = sep,
|
||||||
|
pages = {551–557},
|
||||||
|
title = {Redox flow batteries for hybrid electric vehicles: Progress and challenges},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5289801?arnumber=5289801},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-26},
|
||||||
|
year = {2009}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{washington-lithium-safety,
|
||||||
|
author = {{University of Washington}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = apr,
|
||||||
|
title = {Lithium Battery Safety},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.ehs.washington.edu/system/files/resources/lithium-battery-safety.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-27},
|
||||||
|
year = {2018}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@article{li-ion-degradation,
|
||||||
|
abstract = {Lithium-ion batteries are popular energy storage devices for a wide variety of applications. As batteries have transitioned from being used in portable electronics to being used in longer lifetime and more safety-critical applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and aircraft, the cost of failure has become more significant both in terms of liability as well as the cost of replacement. Failure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis (FMMEA) provides a rigorous framework to define the ways in which lithium-ion batteries can fail, how failures can be detected, what processes cause the failures, and how to model failures for failure prediction. This enables a physics-of-failure (PoF) approach to battery life prediction that takes into account life cycle conditions, multiple failure mechanisms, and their effects on battery health and safety. This paper presents an FMMEA of battery failure and describes how this process enables improved battery failure mitigation control strategies.},
|
||||||
|
author = {Christopher Hendricks and Nick Williard and Sony Mathew and Michael Pecht},
|
||||||
|
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.07.100},
|
||||||
|
issn = {0378-7753},
|
||||||
|
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
|
||||||
|
keywords = {Lithium-ion battery, Failure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis, Physics-of-failure, Battery reliability},
|
||||||
|
pages = {113–120},
|
||||||
|
title = {A failure modes, mechanisms, and effects analysis (FMMEA) of lithium-ion batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775315301233},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-27},
|
||||||
|
volume = {297},
|
||||||
|
year = {2015}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{batt-uni-bms,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Battery University}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
title = {Battery Management System (BMS)},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://batteryuniversity.com/index.php/learn/article/how_to_measure_state_of_charge},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-27},
|
||||||
|
year = {2017}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{tophat-tms,
|
||||||
|
author = {SMD},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = dec,
|
||||||
|
title = {Work Class ROVs},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.smd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/SMD_2685_ROV_Brochure_pps_low_res.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-28},
|
||||||
|
year = {2016}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{splash-zone,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Mark Tool \& Rubber}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = dec,
|
||||||
|
title = {What is the Splash Zone and How to Protect It?},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.marktool.com/what-is-the-splash-zone-and-how-to-protect-it},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-28},
|
||||||
|
year = {2012}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{rov-tms-splash-zone,
|
||||||
|
author = {Claudio Paschoa},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = jan,
|
||||||
|
organization = {Marine Technology News},
|
||||||
|
title = {Understanding ROV Launch and Recovery Systems – Part 2},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.marinetechnologynews.com/blogs/understanding-rov-launch-and-recovery-systems-e28093-part-2-700532},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-28},
|
||||||
|
year = {2015}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{18650-ecolux,
|
||||||
|
author = {Ecolux},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
title = {18650 Batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.ecoluxshopdirect.co.uk/by-size/18650-batteries},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-28},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{18650.uk,
|
||||||
|
author = {18650.uk},
|
||||||
|
title = {18650 Batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://18650.uk/shop/18650-batteries},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-28},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{18350-fogstar,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Fogstar Batteries}},
|
||||||
|
date = {2020},
|
||||||
|
title = {18650 Batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.fogstar.co.uk/collections/batteries/size_18650},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-28}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{hugin-lars-article,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Offshore Engineer}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
organization = {Offshore Engineer Digital},
|
||||||
|
title = {Kongsberg Develops New LARS for HUGIN AUVs},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.oedigital.com/news/477126-kongsberg-develops-new-lars-for-hugin-auvs},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-29},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@article{bms-cost-article,
|
||||||
|
author = {Celine Cluzel and Shane Slater and George Paterson and Rebecca Trengove},
|
||||||
|
journaltitle = {Resource Guide of Battery Power},
|
||||||
|
title = {Cost and Performance of Electric Vehicle Batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.batterypoweronline.com/markets/batteries/cost-and-performance-of-electric-vehicle-batteries},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-29},
|
||||||
|
volume = {2012},
|
||||||
|
year = {2012}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@article{bms-cost-report,
|
||||||
|
author = {Celine Cluzel and Craig Douglas},
|
||||||
|
journaltitle = {The Committee on Climate Change},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
title = {Cost and performance of EV batteries},
|
||||||
|
url = {http://www.element-energy.co.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/CCC-battery-cost_-Element-Energy-report_March2012_Finalbis.pdf},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-29},
|
||||||
|
year = {2012}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{batt-uni-lithium-chemistry,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Battery University}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = mar,
|
||||||
|
title = {Types of Lithium-ion},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-29},
|
||||||
|
year = {2017}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@article{li-direct-recycling,
|
||||||
|
abstract = {Direct recycling of lithium-ion is a promising method for manufacturing sustainability. It is more efficient than classical methods because it recovers the functional cathode particle without decomposition into substituent elements or dissolution and precipitation of the whole particle. This case study of cathode-healing™ applied to a battery recall demonstrates an industrial model for recycling of lithium-ion, be it consumer electronic or electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The comprehensive process includes extraction of electrolyte with carbon dioxide, industrial shredding, electrode harvesting, froth flotation, cathode-healing™ and finally, building new cells with recycled cathode and anode. The final products demonstrated useful capability in the first full cells made from direct recycled cathodes and anodes from an industrial source. The lessons learned on recycling the prototypical chemistry are preliminarily applied to EV relevant chemistries.},
|
||||||
|
author = {Steve Sloop and Lauren Crandon and Marshall Allen and Kara Koetje and Lori Reed and Linda Gaines and Weekit Sirisaksoontorn and Michael Lerner},
|
||||||
|
doi = {10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00152},
|
||||||
|
issn = {2214-9937},
|
||||||
|
journal = {Sustainable Materials and Technologies},
|
||||||
|
pages = {e00152},
|
||||||
|
title = {A direct recycling case study from a lithium-ion battery recall},
|
||||||
|
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221499371830059921},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-29},
|
||||||
|
volume = {25},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{price-amron-rov,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Amron}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
title = {Outland Technology OTI-ROV-500 ROV Model 500},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.amronintl.com/outland-technology-rov-model-500-oti-rov-500.html},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-29}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@misc{price-deep-trekker,
|
||||||
|
author = {{Deep Trekker}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
title = {REVOLUTION ROV | NAV PACKAGE},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://www.deeptrekker.com/shop/products/revolution-nav-rov},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-29}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@Misc{wef-cobalt-mining,
|
||||||
|
author = {{World Economic Forum}},
|
||||||
|
howpublished = {Online},
|
||||||
|
month = sep,
|
||||||
|
title = {Making Mining Safe and Fair: Artisanal cobalt extraction in the Democratic Republic of the Congo},
|
||||||
|
year = {2020},
|
||||||
|
groups = {Battery},
|
||||||
|
url = {https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/making-mining-safe-and-fair-artisanal-cobalt-extraction-democratic},
|
||||||
|
urldate = {2020-12-30},
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@Comment{jabref-meta: databaseType:bibtex;}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@Comment{jabref-meta: grouping:
|
||||||
|
0 AllEntriesGroup:;
|
||||||
|
1 StaticGroup:Communications\;0\;0\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
|
||||||
|
1 StaticGroup:Navigation\;0\;0\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
|
||||||
|
1 StaticGroup:Operations\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
|
||||||
|
1 StaticGroup:UUV\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
|
||||||
|
2 StaticGroup:ROV\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
|
||||||
|
2 StaticGroup:AUV\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
|
||||||
|
1 StaticGroup:Renewables\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
|
||||||
|
1 StaticGroup:Battery\;0\;1\;0x8a8a8aff\;\;\;;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
@ -316,46 +316,27 @@ The expected available area capable of hosting photovoltaic cells was estimated
|
|||||||
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.
|
.
|
||||||
|
Using the same solar panel modelling of GEORGE, this would equate to 441
|
||||||
|
panels with a max power of 176 kW, an order of magnitude smaller than the
|
||||||
|
ammonia fuel cell capabilities.
|
||||||
|
This would represent 123 tonnes of embodied carbon which could be reduced
|
||||||
|
to 65 tonnes by recycling following decommission.
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
As a result of this projection, it is proposed that the vessel is not fitted
|
||||||
status open
|
with solar panels.
|
||||||
|
As the other energy being generated via the ammonia cells is already carbon-zer
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
o (assuming the use of
|
||||||
Probably not going to use
|
\emph on
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
green ammonia
|
||||||
|
\emph default
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
), the embodied carbon of the panels would not be offset through their own
|
||||||
|
use.
|
||||||
|
This carbon cost would need to be offset via the project-level offsetting
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
processes, see JASON.
|
||||||
|
The benefits would be limited to the financial savings of reducing fuel
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
usage, limiting carbon cost is more of a priority for this project.
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
|
||||||
status open
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
||||||
Not using instead of a carbon producing source therefore carbon needs to
|
|
||||||
be offset elsewhere
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
|
||||||
status open
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
||||||
Just a carbon and financial cost, likely unnecessary
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Section
|
\begin_layout Section
|
||||||
@ -3116,40 +3097,6 @@ ns such as energy storage.
|
|||||||
on high draw but that will make use of the remaining capacity.
|
on high draw but that will make use of the remaining capacity.
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
|
||||||
Summary
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
|
||||||
status open
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
||||||
Summarise chemistry, amount of cells, lifespan, end-of-life procedure
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
||||||
It is worth noting that this is the proposed solution based on the current
|
|
||||||
state of energy storage.
|
|
||||||
One of the only advantages of rechargeable batteries being a consumable
|
|
||||||
item requiring replacement is that when this occurs, it is an opportunity
|
|
||||||
to re-evaluate the system design.
|
|
||||||
With an expected project lifespan of 30 years, it is highly unlikely that
|
|
||||||
the use of Li-ion cells will remain the best option.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
||||||
Systems based on a solid-state chemistry will likely become more stable
|
|
||||||
and less expensive to the point that the advantages in safety and energy
|
|
||||||
density can be fully utilised without the heavy downsides.
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||||
Sustainability
|
Sustainability
|
||||||
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
||||||
@ -3208,16 +3155,16 @@ literal "false"
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
The processing can also include dangerous chemicals including various acids
|
The processing can also include dangerous chemicals including various acids
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (Margin)
|
that can pollute local water supplies as a result of leaks, leaching and
|
||||||
status open
|
emissions,
|
||||||
|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
LatexCommand citep
|
||||||
Leaking into water supply Tibet
|
key "wired-lithium"
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
literal "false"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||||||
@ -3255,45 +3202,27 @@ literal "false"
|
|||||||
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
.
|
.
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
These are small-scale mines known for a lack of safety standards including
|
||||||
|
minimal personal protective equipment, structural requirements and child
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
labour,
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||||
status open
|
LatexCommand cite
|
||||||
|
key "wef-cobalt-mining"
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
literal "false"
|
||||||
Child workers
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
\end_inset
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.
|
||||||
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||||||
|
Summary
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
The above emphasises the need to identify Lithium cell manufacturers using
|
||||||
status open
|
recycled materials in order to reduce the amount of virgin material being
|
||||||
|
mined and assembled.
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
||||||
Overworked, bad conditions, no PPE, lung disease
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
|
||||||
status open
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
|
||||||
DRC political implications
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||||
@ -3507,6 +3436,37 @@ From these models, the amount of battery charge cycles was estimated to
|
|||||||
This is a typical value for the lifespan of Lithium-ion batteries.
|
This is a typical value for the lifespan of Lithium-ion batteries.
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||||
|
Summary
|
||||||
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
|
The proposed buffer solution includes 193,600 NCM Lithium-ion cells requiring
|
||||||
|
replacement every 2.3 years.
|
||||||
|
As a result of this replacement rate, it is stipulated that the battery
|
||||||
|
be re-appropriated for second-use such as energy storage following decommission
|
||||||
|
in order to extend their life and reduce the environmental impact.
|
||||||
|
Manufacturers using recycled materials should also be identified in order
|
||||||
|
to reduce the impact of mining virgin materials.
|
||||||
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
|
It is worth noting that this is the proposed solution based on the current
|
||||||
|
state of energy storage.
|
||||||
|
One of the only advantages of rechargeable batteries being a consumable
|
||||||
|
item requiring replacement is that when this occurs, it is an opportunity
|
||||||
|
to re-evaluate the system design.
|
||||||
|
With an expected project lifespan of 30 years, it is highly unlikely that
|
||||||
|
the use of Li-ion cells will remain the best option.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
|
Systems based on a solid-state chemistry will likely become more stable
|
||||||
|
and less expensive to the point that the advantages in safety and energy
|
||||||
|
density can be fully utilised without the heavy downsides.
|
||||||
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Section
|
\begin_layout Section
|
||||||
Mission Ops
|
Mission Ops
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
@ -5212,16 +5172,15 @@ Summary
|
|||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
The proposed UUV describes an extension to existing ROV capabilities by
|
||||||
status open
|
allowing untethered autonomous operations.
|
||||||
|
This requires a wireless communication channel between the surface and
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
underwater vessel which will be completed using acoustic waves.
|
||||||
Summarise choice, batteries, AUV/ROV setup
|
The UUV will effectively be GNSS-enabled by proxy from the surface vessel,
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
allowing it to navigate to the fault locations.
|
||||||
|
In order to operate autonomously, the UUV will require onboard power, a
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
battery system of suitable scale was described along with protocols for
|
||||||
|
decommissioning sustainably.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Part
|
\begin_layout Part
|
||||||
@ -5346,42 +5305,28 @@ name "fig:Network-topology"
|
|||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
With a fully connected environment, head-office and the depot will be able
|
||||||
status open
|
to monitor and control aspects of the vessel.
|
||||||
|
In theory, head-office would be able to remotely command both the vessel
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
and UUV, although proper authorisation, safety and business practices would
|
||||||
Heartbeat data points, battery level, fuel levels, location, bearing etc
|
need to be defined for where this is appropriate.
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
Live access will be available for information about the vessels including
|
||||||
status open
|
location data, course information, battery capacity information and remaining
|
||||||
|
fuel levels.
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
This could be used in order to sync depot operations with the vessels mission
|
||||||
Remote control of surface vessel and UUV?
|
status, for example by preparing the local electrical supply for cold-ironing
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
the vessel.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
\begin_inset Flex TODO Note (inline)
|
Within the vessels, machine learning (ML) and AI will have varying applicability.
|
||||||
status open
|
The UUV, for example, would likely apply both for applications such as
|
||||||
|
image recognition from the visual cameras.
|
||||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
Kalman filters have already been discussed for calculating the vessel's
|
||||||
Smart lighting etc
|
location.
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_inset
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\end_layout
|
\end_layout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user