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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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*~
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*~*
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*#
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*.pdf
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*.eps
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@ -4,3 +4,121 @@
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url = {https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/digitalization}
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}
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@misc{planetsolar,
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author = {Jenny Filippetti},
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month = jul,
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title = {PlanetSolar: the first solar powered boat around the world},
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url = {https://www.designboom.com/technology/planetsolar-the-first-solar-powered-boat-around-the-world},
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year = {2012}
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}
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@misc{Radar,
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author = {Shilavadra Bhattacharjee},
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month = apr,
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title = {Marine Radars and Their Use in the Shipping Industry},
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url = {https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-navigation/marine-radars-and-their-use-in-the-shipping-industry},
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year = {2020}
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}
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@book{sonar-slam,
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author = {David Ribas and Pere Ridao and Jos{\'e} Neira},
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doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-14040-2},
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edition = 1,
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isbn = {978-3-642-14039-6},
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issn = {1610-7438},
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month = jan,
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publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg},
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title = {Underwater SLAM for Structured Environments Using an Imaging Sonar},
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year = {2010}
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}
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@misc{maritime-autonomy.vs.autpilot,
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author = {{Sea Machines}},
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month = jan,
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title = {Marine Autonomy vs. Autopilot: Know the Differences},
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url = {https://www.maritime-executive.com/features/marine-autonomy-vs-autopilot-know-the-differences-1},
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year = {2020}
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}
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@article{unmanned-slam,
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author = {Prof R Sutton and Dr S Sharma and Dr T Xao},
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doi = {10.1080/20464177.2011.11020248},
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eprint = { https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2011.11020248 },
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journal = {Journal of Marine Engineering \& Technology},
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number = {3},
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pages = {3--20},
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publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
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title = {Adaptive navigation systems for an unmanned surface vehicle},
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url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2011.11020248},
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volume = {10},
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year = {2011}
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}
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@misc{dyn-pos,
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author = {{Nautical Institute}},
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title = {Dynamic Positioning},
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url = {https://www.nautinst.org/resource-library/technical-library/dynamic-positioning.html}
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}
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@misc{dnv-dp,
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author = {{DNV GL}},
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month = jul,
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title = {Dynamic positioning vessel design philosophy guidelines},
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url = {https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/DNVGL/RP/2015-07/DNVGL-RP-E306.pdf},
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year = {2015}
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}
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@misc{offshore-dp,
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author = {{Offshore Engineering}},
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title = {Dynamic Positioning Classes - Redundancy Levels},
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url = {https://www.offshoreengineering.com/education/dynamic-positioning-dp/dnv-dp-classes-redundancy}
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}
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@misc{icom-radio,
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author = {{ICOM}},
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title = {A Guide to Marine Radio},
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url = {https://icomuk.co.uk/A-Guide-to-Marine-Radio/3995/169}
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}
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@misc{yachtcom-vhf,
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author = {YachtCom},
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title = {Marine VHF Radio},
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url = {http://www.yachtcom.co.uk/comms/vhf}
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}
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@misc{yachtcom-requirements,
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author = {YachtCom},
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title = {Marine Radio Legal Requirements},
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url = {http://www.yachtcom.co.uk/comms/home2020.html}
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}
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@misc{marininsight-ais,
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author = {Shilavadra Bhattacharjee},
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month = nov,
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title = {Automatic Identification System (AIS): Integrating and Identifying Marine Communication Channels},
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url = {https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-navigation/automatic-identification-system-ais-integrating-and-identifying-marine-communication-channels},
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year = {2019}
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}
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@article{digisat,
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author = {Digisat},
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title = {Maritime Internet Service},
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url = {https://www.digisat.org/maritime-satellite-internet}
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}
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@misc{deccan-repair,
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author = {Francis D'Sa},
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month = dec,
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title = {How undersea fibre-optic cables are repaired},
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url = {https://www.deccanchronicle.com/technology/in-other-news/161216/how-undersea-fibre-optic-cables-are-repaired.html},
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year = {2016}
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}
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@misc{subcom-anim,
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author = {Subcom},
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month = jan,
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title = {Repair Animation - Undersea Fiber Optic Cable System},
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url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3tPI0qbLaE},
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year = {2019}
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}
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ figs-within-sections
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\graphics default
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\default_output_format default
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\output_sync 0
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\bibtex_command biber
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\bibtex_command default
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\index_command default
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\paperfontsize 11
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\spacing other 1.5
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@ -164,36 +164,120 @@ y focusing on two specifications, that of net-zero carbon operations and
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Investigations were made into fully renewable electricity generation for
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the purpose of propulsion without chemical fuels.
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The main form of renewable electricity to have maritime applications would
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be solar.
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be solar, methods such as hydroelectric generators and wind turbines would
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drastically affect the aero and hydrodynamics of the craft and fail to
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produce more power than being lost via this drag.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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Solar
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Solar-powered ships have been commercially available for around 30 years
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however they are typically not of the same form factor as that being pursued
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here, tending towards smaller ferries and river or canal settings as opposed
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however they are not of the same form factor as that being pursued here,
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tending towards smaller ferries and river or canal settings as opposed
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to sea-faring industrial vessels.
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Currently, the largest completely solar-powered ship is the Swiss
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\noun on
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Tûranor PlanetSolar
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\noun default
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, the first solar electric ship to circumnavigate the globe.
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Standing at 30m long, the vessel is at least half the length of typical
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, the first solar electric ship to circumnavigate the globe
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "fig:The-Tûranor-PlanetSolar"
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plural "false"
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caps "false"
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noprefix "false"
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\end_inset
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.
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Standing at 30m long, the vessel is less than half the length of typical
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cable ships, it is not an industrial craft and was instead designed as
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a luxury yacht.
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a luxury yacht, see figure
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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LatexCommand ref
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reference "fig:The-Tûranor-PlanetSolar"
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plural "false"
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caps "false"
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noprefix "false"
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\end_inset
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.
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The deck of the vessel is also almost entirely covered in solar cells,
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an impractical design point for an industrial ship.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset Float figure
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wide false
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sideways false
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status open
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\noindent
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\align center
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\begin_inset Graphics
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filename planetsolar.jpg
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lyxscale 30
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width 50col%
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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\begin_inset Caption Standard
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\begin_layout Plain Layout
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The
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\noun on
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Tûranor PlanetSolar
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\noun default
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,
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
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LatexCommand cite
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key "planetsolar"
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literal "false"
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\end_inset
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\begin_inset CommandInset label
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LatexCommand label
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name "fig:The-Tûranor-PlanetSolar"
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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In order to evaluate the efficacy of a solar-powered propulsion system,
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estimations were made using the average deck area and propulsion power
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requirements of the existing fleet of cable laying and maintenance vehicles.
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A range of solar panels were included in an effort to find the highest
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energy density possible.
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Even with the generous and somewhat unrealistic assumptions that the panels
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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||||
Even with the generous and somewhat unrealistic assumptions that the panels
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could produce their maximum rated power for 8 hours a day with 50% coverage
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of the deck, only 1% of the required power could be provided by the solar
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array, see appendix
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of the deck, only 1% of the required operating power could be provided
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||||
by the solar array, see appendix
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
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||||
LatexCommand ref
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||||
reference "sec:Solar-Power-Estimations"
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@ -204,9 +288,12 @@ noprefix "false"
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\end_inset
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||||
|
||||
.
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||||
Ultimately, a fully solar-powered industrial ship of scale being pursued
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in this project is not currently viable, despite solar being one of the
|
||||
most promising for such an application.
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||||
This would also require that the the vessel only be mobile during the day,
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a highly impractical restriction for a vessel.
|
||||
Ultimately, a fully solar-powered industrial ship of the scale being pursued
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||||
in this project does not appear to currently be viable, despite solar being
|
||||
one of the most promising renewable electric solution for such an application
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||||
in the future.
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\end_layout
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||||
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\begin_layout Subsection
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@ -214,7 +301,7 @@ Modular Propulsion
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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||||
Some of the power generation methods discussed are not currently viable
|
||||
Some of the power generation methods being discussed are not currently viable
|
||||
for the scale of vessel and endurance required.
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||||
Many are close to being viable and will soon allow net-zero carbon operations
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with the feasibility of current fossil fuel solutions.
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@ -235,14 +322,14 @@ Generation
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||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
The generation stage of propulsion would include methods of generating electrici
|
||||
ty for the drive stage.
|
||||
The generation stage of propulsion would comprise methods of generating
|
||||
electricity for the drive stage.
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||||
This would include the power generated by chemical fuels as described in
|
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section NICK-PROPULSION and any renewable energy contributing to the propulsion
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of the vessel.
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||||
Those systems not directly producing electrical power would include methods
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||||
to transfer it, for example an alternator can be used to turn mechanical
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energy from a combustion engine to AC current.
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to transfer it, an alternator can be used to convert mechanical energy
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from a combustion engine to electrical energy in the form of AC current.
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||||
\end_layout
|
||||
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\begin_layout Subsubsection
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@ -250,9 +337,9 @@ Drive
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\end_layout
|
||||
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\begin_layout Standard
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||||
The drive section includes methods to store the energy from the generation
|
||||
stage and the thrust mechanisms, be they water jets, propellors or an alternati
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ve.
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The drive section would include methods to store the produced energy and
|
||||
the final thrust mechanisms, whether that be water jets, propellors or
|
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an alternative.
|
||||
Although, in theory, the generation stage could be directly connected to
|
||||
the thrust methods, the inclusion of energy storage provides a buffer to
|
||||
smooth power draw spikes.
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||||
@ -270,14 +357,27 @@ Onboard Operating Systems
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||||
To operate effectively at sea, the ship requires a number of systems to
|
||||
aid in navigation and control.
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||||
Many of these are standard for marine operations, the scope of systems
|
||||
being used must be considered in order to estimate power usage, this will
|
||||
have implications on the wider power systems including propulsion.
|
||||
With part-electric propulsion including batteries, designs could include
|
||||
powering the onboard systems from this battery set or from a separate array.
|
||||
being used must be considered in order to estimate power usage.
|
||||
Should a hybrid-electric propulsion including batteries be considered,
|
||||
designs could include powering the onboard systems from this battery set
|
||||
or from a separate array.
|
||||
Additionally, final designs could generate power for these systems using
|
||||
onboard renewable energy such as solar power or from the combustion engines,
|
||||
the use of renewables would be favoured in order to contribute to the goal
|
||||
of net-zero carbon operations.
|
||||
onboard renewable energy such as solar power or from the generation stage
|
||||
of the propulsion system, the use of renewables would be favoured in order
|
||||
to contribute to the goal of net-zero carbon operations.
|
||||
This would likely be more achievable than fully renewable electric propulsion
|
||||
as the power draw could be orders of magnitude less than the average 9
|
||||
MW being used by current cable ship propulsion (appendix
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\begin_inset CommandInset ref
|
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LatexCommand ref
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||||
reference "sec:Solar-Power-Estimations"
|
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plural "false"
|
||||
caps "false"
|
||||
noprefix "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
).
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\end_layout
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||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
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@ -289,7 +389,15 @@ The use of a maritime radar system is critical for safety when maneuvering
|
||||
at-sea and close to shore.
|
||||
By measuring the reflections of emitted microwave beams, possible collisions
|
||||
both static and mobile including other ships and land obstacles can be
|
||||
identified and avoided.
|
||||
identified and avoided,
|
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "Radar"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
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||||
This allows safe movement even without any visibility.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
@ -298,7 +406,15 @@ A sonar system is also standard for maritime operations.
|
||||
While radar provides mapping of obstacles at the surface, sonar typically
|
||||
maps below the water.
|
||||
In its simplest form this provides depth information, more advanced systems
|
||||
can provide more extensive mapping of the surroundings.
|
||||
can provide more extensive mapping of the surroundings,
|
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\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "sonar-slam"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
@ -312,27 +428,44 @@ These systems will serve as inputs to the higher-level navigation systems
|
||||
Originally designed merely to hold a course, autonomous piloting systems
|
||||
are now capable of performing SLAM (Simultaneous localisation and mapping)
|
||||
to construct an intelligent and dynamic course that will reroute around
|
||||
objects, be they other ships or land masses.
|
||||
objects, be they other ships or land masses,
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "sonar-slam,maritime-autonomy.vs.autpilot,unmanned-slam"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Dynamic positioning is in many ways similar to the more intelligent autonomous
|
||||
systems described above.
|
||||
Dynamic positioning (DP) is in many ways similar to the more intelligent
|
||||
autonomous systems described above.
|
||||
Originally used for offshore drilling operations, dynamic positioning systems
|
||||
are responsible for keeping a ship static, counteracting the moving ocean
|
||||
and wind.
|
||||
are responsible for keeping a ship static by using the propulsion systems
|
||||
to counteract the moving ocean and incident wind force,
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "dyn-pos"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
Advanced systems provide reliability and redundancy likely beyond the requireme
|
||||
nts of this project,
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
nts of this project, the DNV GL standard class 3 requires stability even
|
||||
during a complete burn fire subdivision or flooded watertight compartments
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "dnv-dp,offshore-dp"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||||
Operations where loss of position keeping capability may cause fatal accidents,
|
||||
or severe pollution or damage with major economic consequences.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
A suitable system for the repair operations taking into account it's capabilitie
|
||||
s and cost with be important during the design.
|
||||
.
|
||||
A suitable DP system for the cable repair operations taking into account
|
||||
it's capabilities and cost will be important during the design.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||||
@ -342,21 +475,57 @@ Communications
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
The ship will be fitted with a VHF (Very high frequency) radio system, standard
|
||||
for maritime ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore and possibly ship-to-air communication
|
||||
s.
|
||||
With transmitters limited to 25 watts, the radio has a range of roughly
|
||||
100 kilometers which would not typically be useful for ship-to-mission
|
||||
control communications, this use case would be provided by an internet
|
||||
connection.
|
||||
s,
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "icom-radio"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
The UK Maritime & Coastguard agency requires a radio along with a license
|
||||
both for the ship and operator (
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "yachtcom-requirements"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
).
|
||||
The radio has a range dependent on the height of the antenna, for an elevation
|
||||
of 100m the radio should have a range of roughly 50 kilometers (
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "yachtcom-vhf"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
) which would not typically be useful for ship-to-mission control communications
|
||||
, this use case would need to be provided by an internet connection.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Supplementing the collision avoidance provided by the radar system, the
|
||||
use of a VHF radio with AIS (Automatic identification system) capabilities
|
||||
provide additional information to passing ships.
|
||||
Ships broadcast messages including a unique identifier, status (moving,
|
||||
anchored), speed and bearing.
|
||||
provide additional information to passing ships and vessel traffic services
|
||||
(VTS).
|
||||
Ships broadcast messages including unique identifiers, status (moving,
|
||||
anchored), speed and bearing among others,
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "marininsight-ais"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
Advanced systems can also relay information from other ships, creating
|
||||
a mesh network.
|
||||
This information is also used by the autonomous piloting system, allowing
|
||||
coordination of vessel headings with the headings of surrounding vessels.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
@ -364,7 +533,6 @@ The ship should have multiple gateways to the wider internet.
|
||||
While berthed, the ship should be able to directly connect to the main
|
||||
depot, whether physically with an Ethernet cable alongside shore-power
|
||||
or via a high-strength wireless connection.
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
@ -373,8 +541,18 @@ While at sea, the ship should be connected to the internet via a satellite
|
||||
Satellite connectivity presents limited speed at a high price however it
|
||||
is one of the only methods to ensure consistent connectivity throughout
|
||||
the ship's operating range.
|
||||
With speeds typically below 1Mbps, specific QoS and flow controls would
|
||||
be necessary to prioritise mission critical traffic over user activity.
|
||||
Although there are many different provider options, state of the art speeds
|
||||
can read 50/5 Mbps
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "digisat"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
With these speeds, specific QoS and flow controls could be used to prioritise
|
||||
mission critical traffic over user activity.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||||
@ -382,13 +560,171 @@ Auxiliary
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Other, more boilerplate, systems should be also included.
|
||||
Other, more boilerplate, systems should also be included.
|
||||
This would include onboard lighting, both internal and external and an
|
||||
audio system for tannoy broadcasts.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsection
|
||||
Mission Ops - ROV
|
||||
Mission Operations
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Faults in sub-sea cables or their signal repeaters are generally repaired
|
||||
by raising the length of affected cable up to the stern of ship, splicing
|
||||
in a new section of cable or repairing/replacing the repeater and then
|
||||
re-situating the cable on the seabed,
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "deccan-repair,subcom-anim"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
This project is not focused on the specific act of repair as this is the
|
||||
responsibility of specialist crew members, instead the focus is on the
|
||||
process of slicing and raising the cable to the vessel.
|
||||
There are generally two methods for completing this slicing/raising process,
|
||||
using grapnels or a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV).
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||||
Grapnels
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Grapnels are tools attached to an anchor chain that trail the stern of the
|
||||
ship along the seabed.
|
||||
The aforementioned slicing and gripping for retrieval is completed by two
|
||||
different grapnels and requires repeated motions of the vessel perpendicular
|
||||
to the cable in order to intersect it,
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "subcom-anim"
|
||||
literal "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
The disadvantage of this method is the need for repeated motions of the
|
||||
vessel and the lack of fine control over the grapnels.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||||
ROV
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
ROVs are submersible robotic devices used to complete remote work at sea.
|
||||
The wide range of applications have led to many form factors of vehicle
|
||||
from
|
||||
\emph on
|
||||
micro
|
||||
\emph default
|
||||
and
|
||||
\emph on
|
||||
observation
|
||||
\emph default
|
||||
ROVs for inspection and data collection in shallow water to larger
|
||||
\emph on
|
||||
work
|
||||
\emph default
|
||||
class vehicles responsible for deep water operations such oil drilling
|
||||
or cable laying.
|
||||
The use of a remote-controllable device allows the ship to remain static
|
||||
as the ROV can complete both cutting and gripping motions in-place.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
This reduces the movement required by the vessel and allows finer control
|
||||
over the manual grapnel method.
|
||||
This, along with the ability to see what is happening at the actuators
|
||||
using onboard cameras would likely make these operations faster and more
|
||||
accurate.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
A disadvantage to using an ROV is the depth to which it is rated.
|
||||
ROVs have a maximum operating depth due to the increasing pressure of the
|
||||
sea, the
|
||||
\noun on
|
||||
ROV Subastian
|
||||
\noun default
|
||||
has a maximum working depth of 4,500m for example.
|
||||
Once an operating range is defined for the ship, much of this could include
|
||||
areas of sea floor that require a heavier duty ROV, see figure
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
|
||||
LatexCommand ref
|
||||
reference "fig:Sea-depth"
|
||||
plural "false"
|
||||
caps "false"
|
||||
noprefix "false"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
.
|
||||
As such, a balance must be found between an ROV that will be useful throughout
|
||||
a suitable operating area without being over-engineered, possible incurring
|
||||
higher initial and maintenance costs.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\begin_inset Float figure
|
||||
wide false
|
||||
sideways false
|
||||
status open
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
\align center
|
||||
\begin_inset Graphics
|
||||
filename SeaDepth.png
|
||||
lyxscale 30
|
||||
width 75col%
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
\begin_inset Caption Standard
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
The depth of the sea floor surrounding western Europe, darker regions indicate
|
||||
deeper waters
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
||||
LatexCommand label
|
||||
name "fig:Sea-depth"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
One method to achieve this balance would be to have the capability to conduct
|
||||
operations with both traditional grapnels and an ROV, this would allow
|
||||
grapnels to be used outside of the ROVs operating range.
|
||||
From a redundancy point of view it would also be advantageous to have grapnels
|
||||
onboard in case of a ROV fault.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
@ -400,23 +736,20 @@ Interaction with Ship
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Subsubsection
|
||||
Network Architecture
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset label
|
||||
LatexCommand label
|
||||
name "sec:Network-Architecture"
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Network Connection
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\begin_inset Note Comment
|
||||
status open
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
In designing a distributed cable repair environment across a depot and ship
|
||||
where digitalisation is a key design parameter, a secure and flexible network
|
||||
layout is critical.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
The final environment will likely consist of between 2 and 3 networked sites
|
||||
depending on the physical layout of the depot, some of these sites should
|
||||
have bi-directional communications with the others.
|
||||
@ -429,7 +762,7 @@ The final environment will likely consist of between 2 and 3 networked sites
|
||||
defining who else on the network can be communicated with.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
The structure of the network designed for the separate leisure facilities
|
||||
will depend upon it's location compared to the main depot.
|
||||
If the leisure facilities are directly co-located with the main depot then
|
||||
@ -438,6 +771,11 @@ The structure of the network designed for the separate leisure facilities
|
||||
connection would be preferred for speed and stability.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
Digitalisation
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
@ -450,10 +788,14 @@ The concept of digitalisation has a somewhat broad definition, sometimes
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Quote
|
||||
|
||||
\emph on
|
||||
The use of digital technologies to change a business model and provide new
|
||||
revenue and value-producing opportunities; it is the process of moving
|
||||
to a digital business.
|
||||
|
||||
\emph default
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_inset CommandInset citation
|
||||
LatexCommand cite
|
||||
key "gartner-digitalization"
|
||||
@ -475,17 +817,15 @@ Smart Ship
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
As included in the discussion of the network layout, there will be server
|
||||
computation capabilities on the ship.
|
||||
Autonomous piloting and dynamic positioning are computationally expensive
|
||||
and will likely require server computation capabilities on the ship.
|
||||
Through the use of virtualisation, this hardware could be used both for
|
||||
network services and additional computation.
|
||||
These capabilities could be utilised for fields including AI and machine
|
||||
learning.
|
||||
these applications, network services and additional computation.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Combining bi-directional communication between ship and depot with local
|
||||
computation, mission coordination and could be made more efficient.
|
||||
computation, mission coordination could be made more efficient.
|
||||
Simple implementations could include live mission details being passed
|
||||
from depot-to-ship such as fault locations and equipment requirements and
|
||||
live,
|
||||
@ -547,6 +887,301 @@ name "sec:Solar-Power-Estimations"
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
From the fleet of current cable laying and repair ships the following average
|
||||
measurements were taken,
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
\align center
|
||||
\begin_inset Tabular
|
||||
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="3" columns="2">
|
||||
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
|
||||
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
||||
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Average Width
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
116.5 m
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Average Length
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
20.53 m
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Average Sum Propulsion Power
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
9,111.84 kW
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</lyxtabular>
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
A deck area was calculated using the rectangle formed by this average width
|
||||
and length, 2391.75
|
||||
\begin_inset Formula $m^{2}$
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
, this is an over-estimation as boat footprints are not rectangular.
|
||||
50% of this deck was used to estimate power generation, 2391.75
|
||||
\begin_inset Formula $m^{2}$
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
, while likely not feasible on typical industrial boat designs a theoretical
|
||||
pure solar-powered vessel would require high coverage.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
For estimation purposes, the power generation profile of the investigated
|
||||
solar panels was that of max power output for 8 hours a day.
|
||||
This is far from the actual profile but will provide reasonable numbers
|
||||
for these purposes, it will be an overestimation of the potential power
|
||||
output.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Finally the vessel is assumed to be operate continuously at 75% of max power
|
||||
draw, this in order to average the periods with which the vessel is stationary
|
||||
and when it is operating at full power.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Using these premises, the percentage of required power being generated by
|
||||
the panels can be roughly estimated by the following equation,
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\begin_inset Formula
|
||||
\[
|
||||
P_{\%}=\frac{A_{deck}\bullet50\%}{A_{panel}}\bullet\frac{P_{max\:panel}\bullet33\%}{P_{max\:vessel}\bullet70\%}
|
||||
\]
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
Using this, the following panels provided the following percentage of required
|
||||
power using the rated dimensions and
|
||||
\begin_inset Formula $P_{max}$
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
from their respective datasheets,
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\noindent
|
||||
\align center
|
||||
\begin_inset Tabular
|
||||
<lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3">
|
||||
<features tabularvalignment="middle">
|
||||
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
||||
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
||||
<column alignment="center" valignment="top">
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Make
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Model
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Required Power %
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
CMPower
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
CMP24110SR
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
1.15
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
CMPower
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
CMP24175SR
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
1.24
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Panasonic
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
VBHN340SJ53
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
1.27
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
<row>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Sunpower Maxeon 5
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
SPR-MAX5-450-COM
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
|
||||
\begin_inset Text
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
1.41
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
</cell>
|
||||
</row>
|
||||
</lyxtabular>
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Section
|
||||
@ -554,6 +1189,10 @@ Nuclear Extract
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Standard
|
||||
\begin_inset Note Comment
|
||||
status open
|
||||
|
||||
\begin_layout Plain Layout
|
||||
Nuclear energy is a proven technology for vessels of this size however there
|
||||
are many caveats that effectively discount it from applications in this
|
||||
project.
|
||||
@ -564,5 +1203,10 @@ Nuclear energy is a proven technology for vessels of this size however there
|
||||
limited to military vessels.
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_inset
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\end_layout
|
||||
|
||||
\end_body
|
||||
\end_document
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user